Russian and Soviet Tanks
Armata Series
T-14 Armata
Prototype 2014
Production 2021
Service 2022
Generation: 4th
Combat Rank: D
Cost: $7m
Number Made: 100+
Fire control: 1A70 Armata fully computerised sensor fused FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, 2× axis independent sight stabilisation, hunter killer system, automatic target lead, automatic gun superelevation, automatic lead drift compensation, automatic rangefinding, automatic target tracking, automatic target acquisition, automated range compensation, automatic target recognition, threat identification and radar tracking with C4 integration, INS/GNSS, radar integration, multi platform link, steering angle, heading, acceleration, vehicle speed, target speed, target range, shot velocity, projectile filler deviation, muzzle deviation, atmospheric pressure/altitude, humidity, cant, parallax, cross/head/tail wind, air temperature, shot charge temperature, gun tracking, target tracking, gun jump, lead drift and barrel wear automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type manually accounted for digitally with a fully digital ballistic calculation system utilising a programmable 64x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automatic gun superelevation, automated Delta-D, contrast target locking, fully automated target searching with predictive path tracking, non cooperative target recognition, radar search with multiple target tracking and automatic threat allocation with APK ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM. PNM fully digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E58U electromechanical gun and turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 45 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 50 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -7°/+18° at 15 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -10°/+20° at 20 deg/s with precision movements of 0.1 mils/s in azimuth and 0.08 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 70 kph with a stabilisation moment of 3000 Nm and stiffness of 1500 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.05 mils in azimuth and 0.01 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 4 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -10°/+20° in elevation and 360° in azimuth and PK-14 Commander's Override system with PKP independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising full turret control and gun takeover with sight movements at 60 deg/s. With 1st hit rate on move at 70 kph vs targets moving at 90 kph up to 8000m with an accuracy of <0.3-0.5 MRAD and <0.2-0.3 MRAD at 5000m and 0.1 MRAD at 4000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 12,000m for HE and 7000m for AP/HEAT.
Targeting Systems: PNM-A gunners primary day/night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-20 LCD display with a day time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 12.5°×10° and NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 1°×0.5° with a night time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 6°×4.48°, NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 2°×1.36° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1°×0.48° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 14° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.05 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.02/6 deg/s with an auto track, auto target acquisition and multi target locking utilising TPVK-A 3rd Generation FLIR system utilising a FEM18 matrix with a 640x512 FPA format, 1280×1024p thermal image resolution, 3-5 μm spectral range, pixel pitch of 15 μm, NETp of 25 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 40,000m and auto track/acquisition and locking range up to 10,000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 15,000m and NFOV identification up to 4000m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 10,000m with NFOV recognition up to 3000m and FHD TV sight with an 2160×1080p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 12,000m and day time identification up to 8000m with an integrated auto adjusting eye safe Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 17,000m with an average ranging error of 0.1% at 17,000m. PKP-T commanders primary day/night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-20 LCD display with a day time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 26.2°×21.1° or 13.3°×10.6° and NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 6.7°×5.3° with a night time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 9°×6.75° and NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 3°×2.25° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+60° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.05 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.02/60 deg/s with an auto track, auto target acquisition and multi target locking utilising TPPVK-A 3rd Generation FLIR system utilising a FEM18 matrix with a 640x512 FPA format, 1280×1024p thermal image resolution, 3-5 μm spectral range, pixel pitch of 15 μm, NETp of 25 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 40,000m and auto track/acquisition and locking range up to 10,000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 15,000m and NFOV identification up to 4000m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 10,000m with NFOV recognition up to 3000m with a day time FHD TV sight with an 2160×1080p day time TV resolution with day time detection of tank sized targets up to 12,000m with a 8000m day time identification range with an integrated auto adjusting eye safe Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 17,000m with an average ranging error of 0.1% at 17,000m. 4× PPM-AFAR Ka band GaAs AESA radars with a 360° horizontal and ±60° vertical scan range enabling a track range for targets with an RCS of 0.3m² up to 50 km and max detection range up to 100 km with tracking of up to 25 air targets and 40 ground targets with targeting slaved to main gun and RWS with data sensor fused with EOTS. 3rd Generation DITV and 4th Generation image intensifiers. 4× TVKT TV sights for crew.
Weapons Systems: 2A82-1M 4th Generation 125mm electroplated chromium thermal sleeved smoothbore gun with a bore evacuator and hydro-pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the AZ-185 Fully digital electromechanical autoloader with a recoiling force of 1700-1900 kg and recoil stroke of 250-290 mm utilising fully digital barrel sensors with a laser based electro optical dynamic MRS and ammunition data link enabling an MPa of 770-880, EFC barrel life of 600 rounds for APFSDS and 3000 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 2000 rounds with max muzzle velocity of 2050 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 24 m/j with a max fire rate up to 12 rpm, minimum up to 6 rpm and average of 6-9 rpm. 9K125 4th Generation Radar and infrared GLATGM system. T05BV-1 12.7×108mm digital RWS with traverse of 316° in azimuth and -10°/+45° in elevation at 60 deg/s. 6P7K twin 7.62×54mmR coaxial.
(Future variants may add 2A83 152mm gun)
3BM69 Vacuum-2 5th Generation sabot utilising composite DU APFSDS-T with a 890mm sabot size and L/D of 35:1 utilising a 9 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 2050 m/s and a muzzle energy of 15 m/j with 1000-1300mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 500-700mm at 60° LOS at 3 km with an effective firing range of 8 km.
3BM70 Vaccum-1 5th Generation sabot utilising heat treated tungsten APFSDS-T with a 890mm sabot size and L/D of 35:1 utilising an 8 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1980 m/s and a muzzle energy of 15 m/j with 900-1200mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 450-600mm at 60° LOS at 3 km with an effective firing range of 8 km.
3UBK25 Sokol-V 5th Generation ATGM using the 9D614 propellant charge utilising a MITL infrared tracking F&F tandem shaped HEAT round with 900-1100mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 450-550mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 15 km.
3UBK21 Sprinter 4th Generation ATGM using the 9Kh949 propellant charge utilising a radar/laser guided ACLOS tandem shaped HEAT round with 1000-1200mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 500-600mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 12 km.
3VOF128 Telnik Programmable MultiRole Round with air burst, point detonation or delayed detonation using a 3 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh96 propellant charge creating utilising over 450 tungsten rods creating over 2500 fragments with 100-200mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS, up to 300mm penetration of reinforced concrete and a blast area of 1800-2000m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 12 km.
7N34 12.7×108mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 785 m/s enabling a 10 to 30mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 6 to 24mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range of 2000m
7N13 7.62×54mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 716 m/s enabling a 7mm to 10mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 800m
Ammo Storage: 26× rounds and 8× GLATGMs in autoloader with 5× tank rounds stowed in the hull. 500× 12.7×108mm rounds. 2,000x 7.62×54mmR rounds.
Armour: 44S-sv-Sh steel armour with Monolith 3rd Generation ERA
Turret cheeks 200-300mm vs CE at 30° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 30° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Monolith that adds 600-700mm vs CE and 300-400mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 800-1200mm vs CE and 450-700mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 100-200mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 10-50mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Turret roof 200-300mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Monolith that adds 600-700mm vs CE and 300-400mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 800-1000mm vs CE and 400-600mm vs KEP.
Upper Front Hull 300-400mm vs CE at 80° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 80° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Monolith that adds 600-700mm vs CE and 300-400mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1400-1700mm vs CE and 800-1100mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Monolith that adds 600-700mm vs CE and 300-400mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1000-1300mm vs CE and 500-800mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Monolith that adds 600-700mm vs CE and 300-400mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 800-1000mm vs CE and 400-600mm vs KEP.
Command & Control Systems: KSS-A fully digital communication complex with the R-178-VE 5th Generation fully digital VHF/UHF radio enabling a communication range of 90 km moving and 350 km stationary and unlimited range with satellite link with full digital data encryption operating on 99 programmable channels and 512 frequency carriers utilising the Azart FHSS waveform with 20,000 frequency hops per second with data transfer speeds of 16 kbit/s, 10 mbit/s and 30 mbit/s utilising a digital display connected to the Kavkaz-EASS digital C3I radio communication network and the AVSK-2U C2 and intercom system with 10×4 subscribers with GLONASS communication integration utilising radio communication control, squads unit link, C4 integration, multi platform subscription and digital information displayed with text, image, video and voice formats utilised. Zaslon C4 and Navigation system with 6× LCD digital touch screen displays utilising a C4ISR+ suite with an integrated vehicle management system linked to the PTK/Svod blue force tracking network with company to battalion level blue force tracking software, cyber warfare suites, AI integration, electronic warfare systems, moving map display, vehicle health software, precision targeting, reconnaissance software, weapons management software, data sharing and enhanced C2 software with GLONASS-K Global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 60cm and average CEP of 3m and fully digital navigation system. Drivers independent vehicle management and health system with a fully digital INS. OSNOD fully digital tactical data link. AESA radars for low observability communications and enhanced situational awareness.
Engine and Transmission: A-85-3AF 2200 hp turbocharged DECU diesel engine. digitally assisted automatic transmission with full drive by wire driving controls with an electronically active torsion bar suspension.
(Prototypes and early models used A-85 1500 hp turbocharged DECU diesel engine)
Counter Measures: T10-A7 Afganit Self Protection complex with an ECM System utilising 2× jammers with a self protection jamming range up to 600m and a Dual Kill APS with a 3rd Generation Hard Kill APS utilising 4× AESA, 4× pulse doppler, 4× IR and 4× UV MAW sensors with 10× APS rounds with 360° protection coverage in azimuth and -90°/+20° in elevation with a projectile detection range up to 150 m with target engagement range up to 1.5m with max target velocity from 1700 to 2744 m/s and reaction time of 0.0005 to 0.0008 seconds with 3rd Generation Soft Kill APS utilising 4× LWRs, 4× IR EO sensors, 4× UV EO sensors and 8× radar sensors with 360° protection coverage in azimuth and elevation with 48× smoke dischargers firing the 3D38 directional infrared, laser and optical obscuring smoke grenades effective in the 0.4-14 μm spectral range that can create a directed concealment zone that is 10-15m in width and 10-20m in height with a launch range of 10 to 20m with full coverage reached in 5 to 8 seconds with a concealment time of 20 to 30 seconds. EMT-7 electromagnetic anti IED system. Aramid spall liners. Slat armour on engine compartment. 6B48 spall vest for crew. KTE-VT-2 ±60°C air conditioning system. PKUZ-3BM fully digital CBRN protection system with overpressure system, antiradiation lining and air filtering ventilation with a radiation detection range of 0.05 to 3 MeV with gamma ray detection rates of 0.01 to 500 rads p/h with threat identification and automatic response with system response to chemical and biological threats in 10s, radioactivity threats in 1s and gamma ray bursts in 0.1s with size of biological threats detected from 2 to 10 μm with an operating temperature of ±60°C. 3ETs19 Invar fully digital automatic explosion suppression system with an anti deflagration suppressor with a maximum reaction time of <1 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 10 ms with an operating temperature range of ±60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 105 ms.
Mobility: Max Speed 90 kph on road and 70 kph off road with reverse speed of 42 kph. Acceleration 60 kph in 3 seconds. Range 500-600 km. Climb an 1 m obstacle and cross 3 m trench. Climb a 70° gradient and negotiate a 50° side slope. Pivot speed of 5s on road and 9s on dirt. UKBTM Dual pin metal tracks with a width of 580mm and ground contact of 482cm with a ground contact force of 13.8 kg/cm². Hull weight 52 tonnes. Power to weight ratio of 42 hp/tonne.
T-14
T-90
Prototype: 1989
Production: 1992
Service: 1994
Combat Rank: A
Generation 3rd
Number Made: 160+
T-90K
Prototype: 1991
Production: 1994
Service: 1995
Combat Rank: A
Generation 3rd
Number Made: 20+
T-90A
Prototype: 2001
Production 2004
Service 2006
Generation: 3+
Combat Rank: A
Number Made: 3000+
Cost: $2m
T-90AK
Prototype: 2009
Production 2010
Service 2010
Generation: 3+
Combat Rank: B
Number Made: 70+
T-90AM Proryv-2
Prototype: 2006
Generation: 3.5
Combat Rank: D
Number Made: 1
T-90M Proryv-3
Prototype 2011
Production 2017
Service 2019
Generation: 3.5
Combat Rank: A
Cost: $4m
Number Made: 1000+
T-90M2
Prototype: 2023
Production: 2023
Service: 2024
Generation: 3.5
Combat Rank: D
Number Made: 400+
T-90M2A
Prototype: 2023
Production: 2025
Service: 2026
Generation: 3.5
Combat Rank: D
Number Made: 30+
Fire control: 1A45T Irtysh computerised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, 2× axis independent sight stabilisation, hunter killer system, automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation, automatic lead drift compensation, automated range compensation and gun launched missile coursing with steering angle, heading, gun tracking, target tracking, target speed, gun jump, shot velocity, projectile filler deviation, cross/head/tail wind, humidity, target range, acceleration, vehicle speed, cant and parallax automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, muzzle deviation and atmospheric pressure/altitude manually accounted for digitally. Automated fire control components are the 1A43 digital ballistic calculation system utilising a 1V528-2 32x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated range compensation and automatic gun superelevation with a target correction enabled in 0.3 seconds with a max lead angle of ±45 mils, max superelevation angle of -10 mils to +70 mils and max Delta-D up to 7500m with a max ballistic calculation up to 7500m for HE and 4000m for AP/HEAT with a max target velocity of 90 kph and a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 1500m, 1V216M-1 digital shot resolution device with horizontal and vertical target tracking with max target tracking up to ±80 mils/s in azimuth and elevation with an angular tracking rate of 6 deg/s with an accuracy of 0.1 mils in azimuth and elevation with gun jump correction up to ±10 mils for each ammunition type and automatic drift compensation with 0.5 mils at 25 kph and 0.25 mils at 50 kph, parallax with target velocity relative to gun in the horizontal plane is 180 arcmin/s with max gun tracking of 698.1 mils/s in azimuth and 148.3 mils/s in elevation, DVE-BS hot-wire anemometer and resistive humidity sensor with a max wind speed of ±25 m/s and absolute relative humidity range of 0-100%, 1B10 course angle sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5°, 1B14 cant sensor with a max roll rate of ±15° and angular accuracy of 0.15°, 1G10 gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±1%, 1G34 heading sensor with an accuracy of ±2°, 1I39 barrel sensor with tracked deviation of projectile filler being ±5%, 2A46M-2 125mm electroplated chromium smoothbore gun with an 4G20 aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the AZ-184 digital electromechanical autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 260-310 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising fully digital barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 550-640, EFC barrel life of 450 rounds for APFSDS and 2000 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 1200 and 9K119 GLATGM, MI-15 linear acceleration sensor with an accuracy of 2%, ME-307 vehicle speed sensor with a tachogenerator with a max tracked speed of 50 kph and the Zhasmin digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E42-4 hydroelectric gun and electromechanical turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 40 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 40 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -5°/+15 at 8.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+15° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 0.8 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 60 kph with a stabilisation moment of 2200 Nm and stiffness of 850 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.3 mils in azimuth and 0.2 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 2 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the 1B12 analogue glass thermometer with an operating temperature range of ±50°C, 1B15 gauge pressure sensor and barometric altitude sensor with an operating atmospheric pressure range between 460-900 mmHg and an operating altitude of -1.4/+4 km, TV-115 bore gauge with a max tracked bore wear of ±5°, UVKV optical collimator notch based static MRS with a muzzle deviation correction of 0.15 mils, UVP ammo selection system utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM, PNK-4S Commander's Override system with a TKN-4S independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising full turret control and gun takeover with sight movements at 40 deg/s and the BV-90 ballistic computer with atmospheric pressure, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, target velocity and target range adjustable with potentiometers. Sighting complexes are the 1G46 gunners primary day sight with a digital monocular periscopic electro optic with a 1ETs40-2 gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in azimuth and elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation at 25 kph and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with an integrated IVI-1D 1:06 μm wavelength Nd:YAG optical quantum rangefinder with a range gate of 300 to 5000m with an accuracy of ±10m, resolution of <20m, 50m discrimination of 2 targets with a 1.5 MRAD receiver FOV and 10-20 Ns pulse duration and an integrated 9S813 jam resistant semi automatic laser correction GLATGM guidance system, T01-K01 gunners primary night sight with a digital monocular periscopic electro optic with a 1G46 parallelogram linkage stabilisation with a sight dependent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation at 25 kph and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s and TKN-4S commanders primary day/night sight with a binocular periscopic electro optic with a 1ETs29-4 gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in azimuth and elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation and 0.8 mils in azimuth at 25 kph with minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/40 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate on the move at 50 kph vs targets moving at 90 kph up to 7500m with an accuracy of <0.6-0.9 MRAD, 5000m with an accuracy of <0.3-0.5 MRAD, 3000m with an accuracy of <0.1-0.3 MRAD, 2000m with an accuracy of <0.2 MRAD and 1500m with an accuracy of <0.1 MRAD.
(A model adds PNK-4SR Commander's Override system with a T01-K04 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising full turret control and gun takeover with sight movements at 40 deg/s)
(M models add 1A65 Kalina fully computerised sensor fused FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, 2× axis independent sight stabilisation, hunter killer system, automatic target lead, automatic gun superelevation, automatic lead drift compensation, automatic rangefinding, automatic target tracking, automatic target acquisition and automated range compensation with C4 integration, INS/GNSS, multi platform link, steering angle, heading, acceleration, vehicle speed, target speed, target range, shot velocity, projectile filler deviation, muzzle deviation, atmospheric pressure/altitude, humidity, cant, parallax, cross/head/tail wind, air temperature, shot charge temperature, gun tracking, target tracking, gun jump, lead drift and barrel wear automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type manually accounted for digitally with a digital ballistic calculation system utilising a programmable 64x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated Delta-D, automatic gun superelevation, contrast target locking and fully automated target searching with APK ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM. PNM fully digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E58 electromechanical gun and turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 40 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 45 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -6°/+18 at 10 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+18° at 15 deg/s with precision movements of 0.1 mils/s in azimuth and 0.08 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 70 kph with a stabilisation moment of 3000 Nm and stiffness of 1500 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.05 mils in azimuth and 0.01 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 4 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth, UUI-2 laser based electro optical dynamic MRS with a muzzle deviation correction of 1.5 mils and the PK-90 Commander's Override system with PKP independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising full turret control and gun takeover with sight movements at 60 deg/s. With a 1st hit rate on the move at 60 kph vs targets moving at 90 kph up to 10,000m with an accuracy of <0.5-0.8, up to 7000m with an accuracy of <0.2-0.5 MRAD, 3000m with an accuracy of <0.1-0.2 MRAD and 3000m with an accuracy of <0.1 MRAD with a max ballistic calculation up to 10,000m for HE and 6000m for AP/HEAT)
Targeting: 1G46 gunners primary day sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with a wide optical magnification of 2.7× with an angular FOV of 54° and a narrow optical magnification of 12× with an angular FOV of 4.5° with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 5000m with an average ranging error of 0.3% at 5000m. T01-K01 gunners primary night sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 6× with an angular FOV of 4° with a sight dependent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with a Buran-PA 2++ Generation image intensifier using an S-25 photocathode with a resolution of 60 lp/mm, sensitivity of 600 μA/lm, SNR of 29 and power output of 20 kV and minimum 0.003 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 2000m and passive identification range up to 1500m and targeting slaved to 1G46 sight. TKN-4S commanders primary day/night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation and 0.8 mils in azimuth with minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/40 deg/s using an OU-3GKU xenon arc IR spotlight with a day time telescopic optical sight enabling max day time identification range up to 3000m with a night sight utilising an Agat-S 1+++ Generation image intensifier with minimum 0.003 lux conditions required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1000m and passive identification range up to 700m. PZU-7 Anti Aircraft sight with max engagement ranges up to 3000m. 2× TNPO-160 and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscopes for commander, TNP-165A and TNPA-65 day time periscopes for gunner and TNPO-168V and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscope for driver with option for TVN-5 2nd Generation image intensifier with a max range of 180m in passive mode and 250m in active in 0.003 lux conditions.
(Command variants used T01-P02 gunners primary night sight with a fully digital periscopic electro optic with a CRT display with a night time 1× optical magnification with an angular FOV of 55°, 3x optical magnification with an angular FOV of 40° and 12× optical magnification with an angular FOV of 4.5° with a sight dependent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and sight dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 15° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth and elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.03/5 deg/s utilising Agava-2RT 1st Generation FLIR system utilising a 1PN70 matrix with a 256x FPA format, 388×284p thermal image resolution, 3-5 μm spectral range and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 10,000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 4000m and NFOV identification up to 2000m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 3000m with NFOV recognition up to 1000m with targeting slaved to 1G46)
(Some AK models added T01-PO6 fully stabilised fully digital GPS utilising 3rd Generation FLIR with a Nocturne matrix with a 512x256 FPA format and thermal image resolution enabling a max range of 15,000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 8,000m and NFOV identification up to 3000m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 6,000m with NFOV recognition up to 2000m and an automatic target tracking range up to 5000m)
(A model added 1G46 gunners primary day sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with a wide optical magnification of 2.7× with a angular FOV of 54° and a narrow optical magnification of 12× with a angular FOV of 4.5° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of ±0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 5000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 5000m. T01-K05 gunners primary night sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 6× with an angular FOV of 4° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with a Buran-M 3rd Generation image intensifier using a EPM-59G photocathode with a resolution of 72 lp/mm, sensitivity of 900 μA/lm, SNR of 32 and power output of 20 kV and minimum 0.001 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 2300m and passive identification range up to 1800m with targeting slaved to 1G46. T01-K04 multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with a day time binocular periscopic sight enabling max day time identification range up to 3000m with a night sight utilising an Agat-MR 3rd Generation image intensifier using a Mirage-K photocathode with a resolution of 68 lp/mm, sensitivity of 800 μA/lm, SNR of 30, power output of 20 kV and minimum 0.001 lux conditions required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1400m and passive identification range up to 900m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 3000m. 2× TNPO-160 and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscopes for commander, TNP-165A and TNPA-65 day time periscopes for gunner and TNPO-168V and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscope for driver with option for TVK-2 3rd Generation image intensifier with a max range of 250m in passive mode and 400m in active in 0.001 lux conditions)
(2006 A models onwards add 1G46 gunners primary day sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with a wide optical magnification of 2.7× with a angular FOV of 54° and a narrow optical magnification of 12× with a angular FOV of 4.5° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of ±0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 5000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 5000m. ESSA gunners primary night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-12 CRT display for gunner and commander with a night time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 9°×6.75°, NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 3°×2.25° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1.5°×1.12° with an sight dependent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and sight dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 14.6° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.12 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/6 deg/s utilising Catherine-FC 2nd Generation FLIR system utilising a Sofradir matrix with a 288x4 FPA format, 754×576p thermal image resolution, 8-12 μm spectral range, NETp of 70 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 20,000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 10,500m and NFOV identification up to 2500m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 6000m with NFOV recognition up to 2000m with targeting slaved to 1G46. T01-K04 multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with a day time binocular periscopic sight enabling max day time identification range up to 3000m with a night sight utilising an Agat-MR 3rd Generation image intensifier using a Mirage-K photocathode with a resolution of 68 lp/mm, sensitivity of 800 μA/lm, SNR of 30, power output of 20 kV and minimum 0.001 lux conditions required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1400m and passive identification range up to 900m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 3000m. PZU-7 Anti Aircraft sight with max engagement ranges up to 3000m)
(Later AK models add T01-K04DT 2× axis independently stabilised digital commanders primary day/night sight utilising Agat-MDT 3rd Generation FLIR using a 320x256 FPA format and a 640×512p thermal image resolution enabling a max range of 15,000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 10,000m and NFOV identification up to 4000m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 8,000m with NFOV recognition up to 3000m with an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 0.3%)
(Proryv-2 model adds PNM-U gunners primary day/night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-15 LCD display for gunner and commander with a day time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 12.5°×10° and NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 1°×0.5° with a night time WFOV optical magnification with an FOV of 9°×6.75°, NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 3°×2.25° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1.5°×1.12° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 14° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.1 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/6 deg/s with an auto track channel utilising Catherine-FC 2nd Generation FLIR system utilising a Sofradir matrix with a 288x4 FPA format, 754×576p thermal image resolution, 8-12 μm spectral range, NETp of 70 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 20,000m and an automatic target tracking range up to 7000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 10,500m and NFOV identification up to 2500m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 6000m with NFOV recognition up to 2000m and FHD TV sight with an 1316×480p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 5000m and day time identification range up to 2000m with an integrated eye safe auto adjusting Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 7500m with an average ranging error of 0.3% at 7500m. PKP panoramic 2× axis independently stabilised multi-channel fully digital GPS)
(Proryv-3 model adds PNM-T gunners primary day/night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-15 LCD display for gunner and commander with a day time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 12.5°×10° and NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 1°×0.5° with a night time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 6.8°×9.0°, NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 2.3°×3.0° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1.1°×1.5° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -18°/+23° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.1 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.02/6 deg/s with an auto tracking and automatic target acquisition channel utilising Ibris-K 2nd Generation FLIR system utilising a FEM10 matrix with a 288x4 FPA format, 640×512p thermal image resolution, 8-12 μm spectral range, pixel pitch of 15 μm, NETp of 30 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 25,000m with an automatic target track and acquisition range of 8000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 12,000m and NFOV identification up to 2500m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 6000m with NFOV recognition up to 2000m and FHD TV sight with an 1800×1080p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 7000m with a day time identification range up to 4000m and an eye safe integrated auto adjusting Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 10,000m with an average ranging error of 0.3% at 10,000m. PKP-K commanders primary day/night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-15 LCD display with a day time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 5.6°×7.4°, NFOV optical magnification with an FOV of 1.9°×2.5° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1.12°×1.5° with a night time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 9°×6.75°, NFOV optical magnification with an FOV of 3°×2.25° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1.5°×1.12° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+45° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.1 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.02/60 deg/s utilising TPK-K 3rd Generation FLIR system utilising a FEM18M-03 matrix with a 640x512 FPA format, 640×512p thermal image resolution, 3-5 μm spectral range, pixel pitch of 15 μm, NETp of 25 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 25,000m with an automatic target track and acquisition range of 8000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 13,000m and NFOV identification up to 3000m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 9000m with NFOV recognition up to 2000m and a day time FHD TV sight with an 1800×1080p day time TV resolution with day time detection of tank sized targets up to 6500m with a 2500m day time identification range and an integrated eye safe integrated auto adjusting Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 10,000m with an average ranging error of 0.3%. PDT back up electro optical sight for gunner and commander. 1× TNP-165A and 2× TP4E-06 day time periscopes for gunner, 7× TNP4E-06 day time periscopes for commander and 3× TNPO -168V day time periscopes and 2× TVKT-65N 480p day time TV sights with integrated LLLTV channel with minimum 0.003 lux required for driver with option for TVK-2 3rd Generation image intensifier with a passive detection range of 250m and 400m in active with minimum 0.001 lux required. Crew has 4× TVKT-96N 480p resolution TV sights with integrated LLLTV channel with minimum lux conditions required of 0.003 lux each with an FOV of 96°)
Command & Control: Crossbow-50U digital communication complex with the R-163-50U 3rd Generation digital VHF radio enabling a communication range of 25 km moving and 50 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 16 frequency carriers and data transfer speeds of 1.2 kbit/s, 10 kbit/s and 16 kbit/s with the R-174 digital intercom with 4 subscribers with the R-163P digital display utilising radio communication control with voice formats displayed. GPK-59 electromechanical gyrocompass. MPB tank azimuth indicator.
(Command models add TNA-4-6 fully digital navigation system with 1G50 digital gyrocompass and 1T129 digital surveyor system with fully digital integrated course plotting utilising a polychrome CRT MFD utilising digital navigation software, moving map display and data sharing with a SGK-70 GLONASS Global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 5m and average CEP of 30m. Crossbow-50K digital communication complex with the R-163-50K 3rd Generation digital VHF radio with SATCOMS enabling a communication range of 90 km moving and 350 km stationary and unlimited range with satellite link with digital data encryption operating on 16 frequency carriers and data transfer speeds of 1.2 kbit/s, 10 kbit/s and 16 kbit/s with the R-174 digital intercom with 10×4 subscribers with the R-163-UP digital display utilising radio communication control, squads unit link, digital information display with text and voice formats displayed)
(2009 A models add KSS-90 fully digital communication complex with the R-168-25UE-2 4th Generation fully digital VHF/UHF radio enabling a communication range of 30 km moving and 60 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 8 programmable channels and 256 frequency carriers utilising the Aqueduct FHSS waveform with 100 frequency hops per second with data transfer speeds of 16 kbit/s, 5 mbit/s and 11 mbit/s utilising the R-168-PU2 digital display connected to the Kavkaz-EASS digital C3I radio communication network and the AVSK-2U C2 and intercom system with 10×4 subscribers with GLONASS communication integration utilising radio communication control, C2 integration, squads unit link, multi platform subscription and digital information displayed with text, image and voice formats utilised. GPK-59 electromechanical gyrocompass)
(Early AK models add KSS-90K fully digital communication complex with the R-168-100KBE/R-168-100U-2 4th Generation fully digital VHF/UHF radio enabling a communication range of 70 km moving and 350 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 8 programmable channels and 256 frequency carriers with data transfer speeds of 16 kbit/s, 5 mbit/s and 11 mbit/s utilising the R-168-PU2 digital display connected to the Kavkaz-EASS digital C3I radio communication network and the AVSK-2U C2 and intercom system with 10×4 subscribers with GLONASS communication integration utilising the Aqueduct FHSS waveform with 100 frequency hops per second utilising radio communication control, C2 integration, squads unit link, multi platform subscription and digital information displayed with text, image and voice formats utilised. Polet-K C4 system with an APK-UOI CCI display utilising TIUS C2IS software linked to with squads level blue force tracking software, moving map display, precision targeting, weapons management software, data sharing and basic C2 software)
(AK model add KSS-90K fully digital communication complex with the R-168-100KBE/R-168-100U-2 4th Generation fully digital VHF/UHF radio enabling a communication range of 70 km moving and 350 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 8 programmable channels and 256 frequency carriers with data transfer speeds of 16 kbit/s, 5 mbit/s and 11 mbit/s utilising the R-168-PU2 digital display connected to the Kavkaz-EASS digital C3I radio communication network and the AVSK-2U C2 and intercom system with 10×4 subscribers with GLONASS communication integration utilising the Aqueduct FHSS waveform with 100 frequency hops per second utilising radio communication control, C2 integration, squads unit link, multi platform subscription and digital information displayed with text, image and voice formats utilised. PTK-T-1 C4 system with an APK-UOI CCI display utilising TIUS-V C2IS software linked to the PTK blue force tracking network with squads level blue force tracking software, moving map display, precision targeting, weapons management software, data sharing and basic C2 software with ASN-14Ts821SZhA fully digital global navigation satellite system with 1K-181 GLONASS-M Global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 2m and average CEP of 10m)
(M model adds KSS-90M fully digital communication complex with the R-168-25UE-2 4th Generation fully digital VHF/UHF radio enabling a communication range of 30 km moving and 60 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 8 programmable channels and 256 frequency carriers utilising the Aqueduct FHSS waveform with 100 frequency hops per second with data transfer speeds of 16 kbit/s, 5 mbit/s and 11 mbit/s utilising the R-168-PU3 digital display connected to the Kavkaz-EASS digital C3I radio communication network and the AVSK-2U C2 and intercom system with 10×4 subscribers with GLONASS communication integration utilising radio communication control, C2 integration, squads unit link, multi platform subscription and digital information displayed with text, image and voice formats utilised. UARMk-01 C4 and Navigation system with a fully digital MFD utilising Akatsiya-M C2ISR suite with an integrated vehicle health management system linked to the PTK/Svod blue force tracking network with section to platoon level blue force tracking software, surrounding land formation intelligence, digital navigation, moving map display, precision targeting, vehicle health management and health software, vehicle weapons management software, reconnaissance software, data sharing and C2 software with ASN-14Ts821SZhA GLONASS-M Global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 2m and average CEP of 10m with a hybridised position accuracy of 1m CEP. DKMV drivers independent management system with vehicle health system, navigation software, CBRN operation, firefighting systems and engine monitoring system. OSNOD fully digital tactical data link)
Engine and Transmission: V-84 840hp diesel engine. manual transmission and torsion bar suspension. GTA-18M APU. 4× 12ST-85R lead acid batteries with a power output of 9.18 kWh and discharge time of 320-340 amp/hours.
(A model adds V-92S2 diesel turbocharged 1000 hp engine. manual transmission and torsion bar suspension)
(M model adds V-92S2F turbocharged 1130 hp DECU diesel engine. electronic throttle control driving controls and a digitally assisted automatic transmission with a torsion bar suspension)
Weapons: 2A46M-2 3rd Generation 125mm smoothbore gun with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. 6P17 electromechanical RWS utilising the fully stabilised NSVT-12.7 12.7×108mm Anti Aircraft Gun with traverse of 115° in azimuth and -5°/+70° in elevation at 40 deg/s with a fire rate of 800 rpm, muzzle velocity of 845 m/s and effective firing range up to 2000m. PKTM 7.62×54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s. 9K119 3rd Generation GLATGM with ground engagement up to 5000m with a max ground target velocity of 90 kph and max aerial target velocity of 300 kph up to 5000m with an altitude of 500m with a horizontal gun laying of 360° and vertical gun laying of -6°/+11°. AKS-74U auxiliary machine gun.
3BM48 Svinets 4th Generation sabot utilising DU APFSDS-T with a 550mm sabot size and L/D of 21:1 utilising a 4 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7.4 m/j with 600-750mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 280-330mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM44 Lekalko 4th Generation sabot utilising tungsten APFSDS-T with a 570mm sabot size and L/D of 25:1 utilising a 4 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 580-700mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 260-300mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BK29 Breyk 3rd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.8 kg explosive filling utilising a tandem shaped charge with a uranium liner using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 920 m/s enabling 800-1000mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~300 at 0° LOS and 400-500mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3000m.
3UBK20 Refleks 3rd Generation ATGM using the 9Kh949 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 350 m/s utilising a laser guided SACLOS tandem HEAT with 800-1000mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 400-450mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 4000m.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh40 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 7 km
3Sh7 Voron Anti Personnel Canister with up to 2000 tungsten flechettes with an effective firing range up to 500m and a max firing range up to 1200m.
7BZ3 7.62×54mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 810 m/s enabling a 6mm to 9mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 200 to 800m
7BZ1 12.7×108mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 818 m/s enabling a 7mm to 25mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 3mm to 20mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 100 to 800m
A models adds 2A46M-5 3rd Generation 125mm electroplated chromium thermal sleeved smoothbore gun with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the AZ-184A fully digital electromechanical autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 260-310 mm and a barrel rigidity of 420 kgf/cm utilising fully digital barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 600-700, EFC barrel life of 450 rounds for APFSDS and 2500 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 1500 with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 14 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. 6P49 electromechanical RWS utilising the Kord 12.7×108mm Anti Aircraft Gun with traverse of 115° in azimuth and -5°/+70° in elevation at 40 deg/s with a fire rate of 650 rpm, muzzle velocity of 860 m/s and effective firing range up to 2000m. 6P7K 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s. 9K119M 3rd Generation GLATGM FCS with a 9S910 jam resistant automatic laser correction guidance system with ground engagement up to 5000m with a max ground target velocity of 90 kph and max aerial target velocity of 300 kph up to 5000m with an altitude of 500m with a horizontal gun laying of 360° and vertical gun laying of -7°/+11°.
3BM60 Svinets-2 4+ Generation sabot utilising tungsten APFSDS with a 640mm sabot size and L/D of 28:1 utilising a 5.1 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1660 m/s and a muzzle energy of 12 m/j with 630-800mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 300-400mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM59 Svinets-1 4+ Generation sabot utilising DU APFSDS with a 685mm sabot size and L/D of 29:1 utilising a 5.5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1660 m/s and a muzzle energy of 12 m/j with 660-900mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 330-450mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3UBK20M1 Invar-M1 3rd Generation ATGM using the 9Kh949 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 350 m/s utilising a laser guided ACLOS tandem shaped HEAT with 900-1100mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 500-550mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 5000m and up to 7000m with delayed fuse.
3Sh8 Ainet Anti Personnel Canister with up to 4700 tungsten flechettes with an effective firing range up to 900m and a max firing range up to 2000m.
7N34 12.7×108mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 785 m/s enabling a 10mm to 30mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 6mm to 24mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range of 2000m
7N13 7.62×54mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 716 m/s enabling a 7mm to 10mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 800m
3BM69 Vacuum-2 5th Generation sabot utilising composite DU APFSDS-T with a 890mm sabot size and L/D of 35:1 utilising a 9 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 2050 m/s and a muzzle energy of 15 m/j with 1000-1300mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 500-700mm at 60° LOS at 3 km with an effective firing range of 7 km.
3BM70 Vaccum-1 5th Generation sabot utilising heat treated tungsten APFSDS-T with a 890mm sabot size and L/D of 35:1 utilising an 8 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1980 m/s and a muzzle energy of 15 m/j with 900-1200mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 450-600mm at 60° LOS at 3 km with an effective firing range of 7 km.
3VOF128 Telnik Programmable MultiRole Round with air burst, point detonation or delayed detonation using a 3 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh96 propellant charge creating utilising over 450 tungsten rods creating over 2500 fragments with 100-200mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS, up to 300mm penetration of reinforced concrete and a blast area of 1800-2000m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 12 km.
7N13 7.62×54mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 716 m/s enabling a 7mm to 10mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 200 to 800m
7N34 12.7×108mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 785 m/s enabling a 10mm to 30mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 6mm to 24mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range of 100 to 2000m
Ammo Storage: 22× rounds in autoloader with 8× GLATGMs stowed in hull. 10× rounds stored in bustle. 300× 12.7×108mm rounds. 2000× 7.62x54mm rounds. 360× 5.54×39mm rounds.
Armour: 60-5-3-18-3-5-60-10-50 2nd Generation composite armour with Kontakt-5 2nd Generation ERA.
Turret cheeks 400-500mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 300-400mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1350-1650mm vs CE and 850-1050mm vs KEP.
Turret roof 100-200mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 50-100mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-800mm vs CE and 250-400mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 200-300mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1200-1500mm vs CE and 700-1000mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-1000mm vs CE and 230-460mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-900mm vs CE and 300-500mm vs KEP.
A model adds Malachite 3rd Generation composite armour with Kontakt-5 2nd Generation ERA.
Turret cheeks 900-1100mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 800-900mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1400-1700mm vs CE and 1000-1200mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 200-300mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Turret roof 100-200mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 50-100mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-800mm vs CE and 250-400mm vs KEP.
Upper Hull front 400-500mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 300-400mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1400-1700mm vs CE and 900-1200mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-1000mm vs CE and 230-460mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-900mm vs CE and 300-500mm vs KEP.
M model adds Malachite-M 4th Generation composite armour with Relikt 3rd Generation ERA and Karkas-2 and Kontakt-1 1st Generation ERA
Turret cheeks 1300-1500mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 1000-1200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + 2× layers of Relikt that adds 1200-1400mm vs CE and 600-800mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 2500-2900mm vs CE and 1600-2000mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 1000-1200mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 700-900mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + 4S20M that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 40-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1300-1700mm vs CE and 440-660mm vs KEP.
Turret roof 200-300mm vs CE at 0° LIS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Relikt that adds 600-700mm vs CE and 300-400mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 800-1000mm vs CE and 400-600mm vs KEP.
Upper Hull front 400-500mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 300-400mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + 2× layers of Relikt that adds 1200-1400mm vs CE and 600-800mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 2100-2500mm vs CE and 1200-1700mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-1100mm vs CE and 230-460mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 300-400mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Relikt that adds 600-700mm vs CE and 300-400mm vs KEP + Karkas-2 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 40-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1400-1700mm vs CE and 440-660mm vs KEP.
Counter Measures: TShU-1-7 Shtora-1 3rd Generation Soft Kill APS with 12× smoke dischargers firing the 3D17 infrared, laser and optical obscuring smoke grenades effective in the 0.4-14 μm spectral range that can create a concealment zone that is 10-15m in width and 10m in height with a launch range of 75 to 90m with full coverage reached in 3 to 5 seconds with a concealment time of 15 to 20 seconds and 4× LWRs with a 360° protection range in azimuth and -5°/+25° protection range in elevation with 2× EO dazzlers with a 20° protection range in azimuth and ±5° protection range in elevation. 3ETs13 Iney digital automatic explosion suppression system with an anti deflagration suppressor with a maximum reaction time of <2 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 50 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 250 ms. Podboi/Nadboi spall liners. GO-27 solid state electronic CBRN protection system with overpressure system, antiradiation lining and air filtering ventilation with gamma ray detection rates of 0.2 to 150 rads p/h with threat identification and automatic response with system response to chemical and biological threats in 40s, radioactivity threats in 10s and gamma ray bursts in 0.1s with size of biological threats detected from 3 to 8 μm with an operating temperature of ±50°. options for KMT-7 mine plow. Escape hatch. BTK-1Sh Steel compartment Anti deflagration autoloader. 3× DV-3 5W fans for cool air circulation with an operating temperature from 20 to 25°C.
(A model adds PKUZ-1A digital CBRN protection system with overpressure system, antiradiation lining and air filtering ventilation with a radiation detection range of 0.66 to 1.25 MeV with gamma ray detection rates of 0.1 to 500 rads p/h with threat identification and automatic response with system response to chemical and biological threats in 10s, radioactivity threats in 3s and gamma ray bursts in 0.1s with size of biological threats detected from 2 to 10 μm with an operating temperature of ±60°. 3ETs13 Iney digital automatic explosion suppression system with an anti deflagration suppressor with a maximum reaction time of <2 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 50 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 250 ms. Aramid spall liners. 6B15 spall vest for crew)
(M models add EMT-7 electromagnetic anti IED system. TShU-1 2nd Generation Soft Kill APS with 12× smoke dischargers firing the 3D17 infrared, laser and optical obscuring smoke grenades effective in the 0.4-14 μm spectral range that can create a concealment zone that is 10-15m in width and 10m in height with a launch range of 75 to 90m with full coverage reached in 3 to 5 seconds with a concealment time of 15 to 20 seconds and 4× LWRs with a 360° protection range in azimuth and -5°/+25° protection range in elevation. Optional Nakidka stealth system for up to 30% reduction in IIR detectability and an RCS reduction up to -10 dB. Slat armour on the engine compartment. 3ETs13-1 Iney-M digital automatic explosion suppression system with an anti deflagration suppressor with a maximum reaction time of <2 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 20 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 200 ms. 6B48 spall vest for crew. KTE-VT-1.6-27-02 air conditioning system with an operating temperature range of ±60°C)
(M2A models add T09-A6 Arena-M 3rd Generation Hard Kill APS with 12× APS rounds with 8× Pulse doppler MAW sensors enabling a 360° protection range in azimuth and elevation with a projectile detection range up to 100m and a projectile engagement range up to 1.5m with max target velocity up to 1000 m/s and reaction time of 0.001 seconds)
(M2 model adds options for RP-377UVM1L ECM system with 6× jammers providing 360° protection with an active jamming range up to 600m with added anti drone nets and roof cage armour)
Mobility: Max Speed 62 kph on road and 30 kph off road with reverse speed of 4 kph. Acceleration 60 kph in 9 seconds. Range 550 km. Climb an 0.9 m obstacle and cross 2.8 m trench. Climb a 60° gradient and negotiate a 40° side slope. Pivot speed of 6s on road and 11s on dirt. Fording depth 1.8 m. UMSh Dual pin metal tracks with a width of 580mm and ground contact of 429cm with a ground contact force of 11.2 kg/cm². Hull weight 46 tonnes. Power to weight ratio of 18 hp/tonne
(A model has Power to weight ratio of 21 hp/tonne)
(M models adds Max Speed 70 kph on road and 30 kph off road with reverse speed of 4 kph. UKBTM Dual pin metal tracks with a width of 580mm and ground contact of 429cm with a contact force of 11.5 kg/cm². Hull weight 48 tonnes. Power to weight ratio of 23 hp/tonne)
T-80
Prototype: 1974
Production: 1975
Service: 1976
Generation: 2+
Combat Rank: D
Number Made: 100+
T-80B
Prototype: 1975
Production: 1977
Service: 1978
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: C
Number Made: 2000+
T-80BM
Prototype: 2022
Production: 2022
Service: 2024
Generation: 3+
Combat Rank: A
Cost: $400k
Number Made: 400+
T-80BV
Prototype: 1985
Production: 1985
Service: 1986
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: A
Number Made: 3000+
T-80BVM
Prototype 2015
Production 2017
Service 2018
Generation: 3+
Number Made: 500+
T-80BVM2
Prototype: 2022
Production: 2023
Service: 2024
Generation: 3+
Number Made: 600+
T-80A
Prototype: 1983
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: D
Number Made: 4+
T-80U
Prototype: 1983
Production: 1984
Service: 1985
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: A
Number Made: 2000+
T-80UD
Prototype: 1987
Production: 1988
Service: 1989
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: A
Number Made: 300+
T-80UE
Prototype: 1999
Production: 2000
Service: 2001
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: A
Number Made: 80+
T-80UE-1
Prototype: 2001
Production: 2003
Service: 2005
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: D
Number Made: 30+
T-80UM
Prototype: 1992
Production: 1999
Service: 2001
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: C
Number Made: 100+
T-80UM-1
Prototype: 1997
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: D
Number Made: 1
T-80UM-2
Prototype: 2002
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: D
Number Made: 1
Fire control system: TPD-64 electromechanical FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, independent sight stabilisation, basic hunter killer system, manual target lead, semi automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation and automated range compensation with steering angle, target range, target speed, vehicle speed and gun tracking automatically accounted for mechanically with ammunition type, atmospheric pressure/altitude, air temperature, shot charge temperature and barrel wear manually accounted for mechanically with the T2S electronic ballistic calculation system utilising the 1V29 electromechanical arithmometer enabling automated gun superelevation and automated range compensation with a target correction enabled in 3 seconds with a max superelevation angle of -2 mils to +30 mils and Delta-D up to 4000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 4000m, max target velocity of 32 kph with a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 300m. Automated fire control components are the RKN-4 electronic shot control unit with max gun tracking of 349 mils/s in azimuth and 78.5 mils/s in elevation, TG-25 course angle sensor with an accuracy of ±1°, SP-110 vehicle speed sensor with a tachogenerator with a tracked speed of 20 kph, TE-4B gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±10%, 2A46 125mm smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the 6ETs15 electromechanical autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 270-340 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising analogue barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 500-550, EFC barrel life of 200 rounds for APFSDS and 1200 rounds for HE with an EFC average of 800 and the Sireneviy solid state gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E28M2 gun and turret hydroelectric stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 20 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 22 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -4°/+15 at 4.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -4°/+18° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 1.2 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 35 kph with a stabilisation moment of 1900 Nm and stiffness of 640 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 2 mils in azimuth and 0.8 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 0.75 to 1.5 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+14° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the nomogram display for barrel wear, air temperature, shot charge temperature and atmospheric pressure differentials, Sight integrated manual lateral lead generation system with a max lead angle of ±8 mils, ZU-615 ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS and APFSDS-T, TPD-2 ballistic computer with ammunition type and range manually adjustable and the Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the TPD-K1 gunners primary day sight with a digitally assisted periscopic optic with a 1ETs20M gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation at 20 kph and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s with an integrated 1:06 μm wavelength Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a range gate of 500 to 4000m with an accuracy of ±15m, TPN-1-49 gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a 2A46 gun parallelogram linkage stabilisation in elevation with a stabilised vertical movement of -5°/+16° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/2 deg/s and the TKN-3 commanders primary day/night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a cupola linked rotation stabilisation in azimuth with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° and minimum/maximum sight movements of 0.05/30 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate on the move at 20 kph vs targets moving at 35 kph up to 4000m with an accuracy of <1 MRAD, 1800m at <0.5 MRAD, <0.3 MRAD at 1000m and <0.1 MRAD at 300m.
(B model adds 1A33 ObSUO computerised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, 2× axis independent sight stabilisation, basic hunter killer system, automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation, automated range compensation and gun launched missile coursing with steering angle, heading, gun tracking, target tracking, target speed, gun jump, shot velocity, cross wind, target range, acceleration, vehicle speed, cant and parallax automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, projectile filler deviation and atmospheric pressure/altitude manually accounted for digitally. Automated fire control components are the 1A34 computerised ballistic calculation system utilising a 1V517 8x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated range compensation and automatic gun superelevation with a target correction enabled in 1 second with a max lead angle of ±35 mils, max superelevation angle of -5 mils to +50 mils and Delta-D up to 4000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 4000m and a max target velocity of 75 kph with a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 1000m, 1G43 digital shot resolution device with horizontal and vertical target tracking with max target tracking up to ±50 mils/s in azimuth and ±20 mils/s in elevation with an angular tracking rate of 3.5 deg/s with an accuracy of 0.4 mils in azimuth and 0.2 mils elevation, parallax with target velocity relative to gun in the horizontal plane is 180 arcmin/s and gun jump correction up to ±5 mils for each ammunition type with max gun tracking of 349 mils/s in azimuth and 78.5 mils/s in elevation, 1B10 course angle sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5°, 1B11 wind vane anemometer with a max cross wind speed of 25 m/s, 1B14 cant sensor with a max roll rate of ±15° and angular accuracy of 0.15°, 1G10 gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±1%, 1G30 heading sensor with an accuracy of ±5°, 2A46-2 125mm smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the MZ-640 hydroelectric autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg and recoil stroke of 270-340 mm utilising digital barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 400-550, EFC barrel life of 200 rounds for APFSDS and 1200 rounds for HE with an average of 800, 9K112-1 GLATGM with a 90461-1 semi automatic radio correction guidance system, MI-15 linear acceleration sensor with an accuracy of 2%, ME-301 vehicle speed sensor with a tachogenerator with a max tracked speed of 30 kph and the Sky solid state gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E26M electrohydraulic gun and turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 20 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 24 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -4°/+15 at 4.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -4°/+18° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 0.8 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 35 kph with a stabilisation moment of 1900 Nm and stiffness of 640 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.8 mils in azimuth and 0.5 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 0.75 to 1.5 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+14° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the 1B12 analogue glass thermometer with an operating temperature range of ±50°C, 1B15 gauge pressure sensor and barometric altitude sensor with an operating atmospheric pressure range between 460-900 mmHg and an operating altitude of -1.4/+4 km, TV-115 bore gauge with a max tracked bore wear of ±5°, 1U13 barrel gauge with tracked deviation of projectile filler being ±10%, UVP ammo selection system utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM, BV-64 ballistic computer with atmospheric pressure, projectile filler deviation, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, target velocity and target range adjustable with potentiometers and the Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the 1G42 gunners primary day sight with a digital monocular periscopic electro optic with a 1ETs40 gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in azimuth and elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation at 25 kph and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with an integrated IVI-1D 1:06 μm wavelength Nd:YAG optical quantum rangefinder with a range gate of 300 to 5000m with an accuracy of ±10m, resolution of <20m, 50m discrimination of 2 targets with a 1.5 MRAD receiver FOV and 10-20 Ns pulse duration, TPN-3-49 gunners primary night sight with a monocular periscopic electro optic with a 2A46-2 gun parallelogram linkage stabilisation in elevation with a stabilised vertical movement of -6°/+14° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/2 deg/s and the TKN-3V commanders primary day/night sight with a binocular periscopic electro optic with a cupola linked rotation stabilisation in azimuth with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° and minimum/maximum sight movements of 0.05/30 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate accuracy moving at 30 kph vs targets moving at 75 kph at 4000m with an accuracy of <0.4-0.7 MRAD and <0.2-0.4 MRAD at 2000m and <0.1 MRAD at 1000m)
(BV model added 1A33-2 ObSUO computerised FCS with the 1V517M 16x bit digital ballistic computer with a 2E42M1 stabilisation)
(U models adds 1A45 Irtysh computerised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, 2× axis independent sight stabilisation, hunter killer system, automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation, automatic lead drift compensation, automated range compensation and gun launched missile coursing with steering angle, heading, gun tracking, target tracking, target speed, gun jump, lead drift, shot velocity, projectile filler deviation, cross wind, target range, acceleration, vehicle speed, cant and parallax automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, muzzle deviation and atmospheric pressure/altitude manually accounted for digitally. Automated fire control components are the 1A42 digital ballistic calculation system utilising a 1V528 16x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated range compensation and automatic gun superelevation with a target correction enabled in 0.3 seconds with a max lead angle of ±45 mils, max superelevation angle of -10 mils to +70 mils and max Delta-D up to 6000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 6000m for HE and 4000m for AP/HEAT with a max target velocity of 82 kph and a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 1200m, 1V216 digital shot resolution device with horizontal and vertical target tracking with max target tracking up to ±80 mils/s in azimuth and ±40 mils/s in elevation with an angular tracking rate of 4.5 deg/s with an accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth and 0.1 mils in elevation, parallax with target velocity relative to gun in the horizontal plane is 180 arcmin/s with gun jump correction up to ±5 mils for each ammunition type and automatic drift compensation with 0.2 mils at 20 kph and 0.1 mils at 40 kph with max gun tracking of 418.8 mils/s in azimuth and 113.4 mils/s in elevation, 1B10 course angle sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5°, 1B11 wind vane anemometer with a max cross wind speed of 25 m/s, 1B14 cant sensor with a max roll rate of ±15° and angular accuracy of 0.15°, 1G10 gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±1%, 1G34 heading sensor with an accuracy of ±2°, MI-15 linear acceleration sensor with an accuracy of 2%, ME-301B vehicle speed sensor with a tachogenerator with a max tracked speed of 40 kph, 2A46M-1 125mm electroplated chromium smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the MZ-643 digital hydroelectric autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 260-310 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising fully digital barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 550-640, EFC barrel life of 450 rounds for APFSDS and 2000 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 1200 with the 9K119 GLATGM with the Zhasmin digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E42M1 hydroelectric gun and electromechanical turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 24 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 40 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -4°/+15 at 6.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -4°/+18° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 0.8 mils/s in azimuth and 0.5 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 60 kph with a stabilisation moment of 2200 Nm and stiffness of 850 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.6 mils in azimuth and 0.5 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 2 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the 1B12 analogue glass thermometer with an operating temperature range of ±50°C, 1B15 gauge pressure sensor and barometric altitude sensor with an operating atmospheric pressure range between 460-900 mmHg and an operating altitude of -1.4/+4 km, TV-115 bore gauge with a max tracked bore wear of ±5°, 1U13 barrel gauge with tracked deviation of projectile filler being ±10%, UVKV optical collimator notch based static MRS with a muzzle deviation correction of 0.15 mils, UVP ammo selection system utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM, BV-80 ballistic computer with atmospheric pressure, projectile filler deviation, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, target velocity and target range adjustable with potentiometers and the PNK-4S Commander's Override system with a TKN-4S independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising full turret control and gun takeover with sight movements at 40 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the 1G46 gunners primary day sight with a digital monocular periscopic electro optic with a 1ETs40-2 gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in azimuth and elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation at 25 kph and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with an integrated IVI-1D 1:06 μm wavelength Nd:YAG optical quantum rangefinder with a range gate of 300 to 5000m with an accuracy of ±10m, resolution of <20m, 50m discrimination of 2 targets with a 1.5 MRAD receiver FOV and 10-20 Ns pulse duration and an integrated 9S813 jam resistant semi automatic laser correction GLATGM guidance system, T01-K01 gunners primary night sight with a digital monocular periscopic electro optic with a 1G46 parallelogram linkage stabilisation with a sight dependent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation at 25 kph and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s and TKN-4S commanders primary day/night sight with a binocular periscopic electro optic with a 1ETs29-4 gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in azimuth and elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation and 0.8 mils in azimuth at 25 kph with minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/40 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate on the move at 50 kph vs targets moving at 82 kph up to 6000m with an accuracy of <0.7 MRAD, 4000m at <0.3-0.5 MRAD and <0.1-0.4 MRAD at 2000m and <0.1 MRAD at 1200m)
(UM, UD and UE adds improved 1A45M computerised FCS with 1V528-1 32x bit Digital ballistic computer and a 2E42-4 2x axis electromechanical stabilisation)
(UE-1 and later UM model adds 1A45M Irtysh computerised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, 2× axis independent sight stabilisation, hunter killer system, automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation, automatic lead drift compensation, automated range compensation and gun launched missile coursing with steering angle, heading, gun tracking, target tracking, target speed, gun jump, lead drift, shot velocity, projectile filler deviation, cross/head/tail wind, humidity, target range, acceleration, vehicle speed, cant and parallax automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, muzzle deviation and atmospheric pressure/altitude manually accounted for digitally. Automated fire control components are the 1A43 digital ballistic calculation system utilising a 1V528-2 32x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated range compensation and automatic gun superelevation with a target correction enabled in 0.3 seconds with a max lead angle of ±45 mils, max superelevation angle of -10 mils to +70 mils and max Delta-D up to 7500m with a max ballistic calculation up to 7500m for HE and 4000m for AP/HEAT with a max target velocity of 90 kph and a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 1500m, 1V216M-1 digital shot resolution device with horizontal and vertical target tracking with max target tracking up to ±80 mils/s in azimuth and elevation with an angular tracking rate of 6 deg/s with an accuracy of 0.1 mils in azimuth and elevation with gun jump correction up to ±10 mils for each ammunition type and automatic drift compensation with 0.5 mils at 25 kph and 0.25 mils at 50 kph, parallax with target velocity relative to gun in the horizontal plane is 180 arcmin/s with max gun tracking of 698.1 mils/s in azimuth and 148.3 mils/s in elevation, DVE-BS hot-wire anemometer and resistive humidity sensor with a max wind speed of ±25 m/s and absolute relative humidity range of 0-100%, 1B10 course angle sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5°, 1B15 cant sensor with a max roll rate of ±15° and angular accuracy of 0.15°, 1G10 gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±1%, 1G34 heading sensor with an accuracy of ±2°, 1I39 barrel sensor with tracked deviation of projectile filler being ±5%, MI-15 linear acceleration sensor with an accuracy of 2%, ME-307 vehicle speed sensor with a tachogenerator with a max tracked speed of 50 kph, 2A46M-3 125mm electroplated chromium smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the MZ-643 hydroelectric autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 260-310 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising fully digital barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 550-640, EFC barrel life of 450 rounds for APFSDS and 2000 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 1200 and the Zhasmin digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E42-4 hydroelectric gun and electromechanical turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 40 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 40 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -4°/+15 at 8.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -4°/+18° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 0.8 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 60 kph with a stabilisation moment of 2200 Nm and stiffness of 850 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.3 mils in azimuth and 0.2 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 2 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the 1B12 analogue glass thermometer with an operating temperature range of ±50°C, 1B15 gauge pressure sensor and barometric altitude sensor with an operating atmospheric pressure range between 460-900 mmHg and an operating altitude of -1.4/+4 km, TV-115 bore gauge with a max tracked bore wear of ±5°, UVKV optical collimator notch based static MRS with a muzzle deviation correction of 0.15 mils, UVP ammo selection system utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM, BV-90 ballistic computer with atmospheric pressure, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, target velocity and target range adjustable with potentiometers and the PNK-4S Commander's Override system with a TKN-4S independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising full turret control and gun takeover with sight movements at 40 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the 1G46 gunners primary day sight with a digital monocular periscopic electro optic with a 1ETs40-2 gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in azimuth and elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation at 25 kph and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with an integrated IVI-1D 1:06 μm wavelength Nd:YAG optical quantum rangefinder with a range gate of 300 to 5000m with an accuracy of ±10m, resolution of <20m, 50m discrimination of 2 targets with a 1.5 MRAD receiver FOV and 10-20 Ns pulse duration and an integrated 9S813 jam resistant semi automatic laser correction GLATGM guidance system, T01-K05 gunners primary night sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with a gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in azimuth and elevation with a sight dependent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.1 mils in azimuth/elevation at 30 kph and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s or the T01-P02-01 gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a 1G46 sight parallelogram linkage stabilisation in elevation with a fully digital monocular periscopic electro optic with a sight dependent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.03/5 deg/s and the T01-K04 commanders primary day/night sight with a digital binocular periscopic electro optic with a gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in azimuth and elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.1 mils in elevation and azimuth at 30 kph with minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/40 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate on the move at 50 kph vs targets moving at 90 kph up to 7500m with an accuracy of <0.6-0.9 MRAD, 5000m with an accuracy of <0.3-0.5 MRAD, 3000m with an accuracy of <0.1-0.3 MRAD, 2000m with an accuracy of <0.2 MRAD and 1500m with an accuracy of <0.1 MRAD)
(BVM adds 1A67-1 Sosna-U fully computerised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, 2× axis independent sight stabilisation, hunter killer system, automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation, automatic lead drift compensation, automatic target tracking, automated range compensation and gun launched missile coursing with steering angle, heading, acceleration, vehicle speed, target speed, target range, shot velocity, projectile filler deviation, muzzle deviation, atmospheric pressure/altitude, humidity, cant, parallax, cross/head/tail wind, air temperature, shot charge temperature, gun tracking, target tracking, gun jump, lead drift and barrel wear automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type manually accounted for digitally with an electronic ballistic calculator utilising a programmable 32x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated range compensation, contrast target locking and automatic gun superelevation with UVP ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM. Zhasmin digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E42-4 hydroelectric gun and electromechanical turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 40 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 40 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -4°/+18 at 8.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -4°/+18° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 0.8 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 60 kph with a stabilisation moment of 2200 Nm and stiffness of 850 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.3 mils in azimuth and 0.2 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 2 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth, and the PK-72 Commander's Override system with a hunter killer sight utilising full turret control and gun takeover or Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. With a 1st hit rate on the move at 60 kph vs targets moving at 90 kph up to 8000m with an accuracy of <0.7-0.9 MRAD, up to 6000m with an accuracy of <0.3-0.5 MRAD, 3000m with an accuracy of <0.1-0.4 MRAD, 2000m with an accuracy of <0.2 MRAD and 1500m with an accuracy of <0.1 MRAD)
(Later BVM and BVM2 adds PNM fully digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E58 electromechanical gun and turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 40 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 45 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -4°/+18 at 10 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -4°/+18° at 15 deg/s with precision movements of 0.1 mils/s in azimuth and 0.08 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 70 kph with a stabilisation moment of 3000 Nm and stiffness of 1500 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.05 mils in azimuth and 0.01 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 4 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth)
(BM model adds 1A33-2MT computerised FCS with automatic target lead, automatic superelevation, automatic rangefinding and Delta-D with steering angle, heading, acceleration, vehicle speed, target speed, target range, shot velocity, cant, parallax, cross wind gun tracking and gun jump automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type, barrel wear, muzzle deviation, atmospheric pressure/altitude, air temperature, shot charge temperature and projectile filler deviation manually accounted for digitally with an electronic ballistic calculator utilising a 32x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated range compensation, contrast target locking and automatic gun superelevation with UVP ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM. 1st hit rate on move at 50 kph up to 5500m with an accuracy of <0.3-0.5 MRAD, 3000m with an accuracy of <0.1-0.4 MRAD, 2000m with an accuracy of <0.2 MRAD and 1500m with an accuracy of <0.1 MRAD with a max ballistic calculation up to 7500m for HE and 4000m for AP/HEAT)
Targeting Systems: TPD-K1 gunners primary day sight with a digitally assisted periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 0.7% at 4000m. TPN-1-49-23 gunners primary night sight with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° utilising the Luna-2 incandescent IR spotlight with a Karmin-PA 1st Generation image intensifier using an S-1 photocathode with a resolution of 28 lp/mm, sensitivity of 200 μA/lm, SNR of 18 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 700m and passive identification range up to 500m with an active detection range of 1200m and active identification range of 800m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m. TKN-3M multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a telescopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GA2 incandescent IR spotlight with a 1+ Generation image intensifier with minimum 0.005 lux conditions required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 600m and passive identification range up to 500m with an active detection range of 1200m and active identification range of 800m. TPNT-1, 2× TNPO-165 and 2× TNPO-160 day time periscopes for commander, TNPO-160 and 2× TNPO-165 day time periscopes for gunner and 3× TNPO-1688 day time periscopes for driver with option for TNP-1 1st Generation image intensifier with a max range of 30m in passive mode and 60m in active in 0.005 lux conditions.
(B models add 1G42 gunners primary day sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with a wide optical magnification of 2.7× with a angular FOV of 54° and a narrow optical magnification of 12× with a angular FOV of 4.5° utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 5000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 5000m. TPN-3-49 gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° utilising the Luna-4A xenon arc IR spotlight with a Kristall-PA 1++ Generation image intensifier using an S-20 photocathode with a resolution of 45 lp/mm, sensitivity of 300 μA/lm, SNR of 25 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1200m and passive identification range up to 800m with an active detection range of 2000m and active identification range of 1300m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m. TKN-3V multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a telescopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GA2 incandescent IR spotlight with a 1+ Generation image intensifier with minimum 0.005 lux conditions required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 600m and passive identification range up to 500m with an active detection range of 1200m and active identification range of 800m. TPNT-1, 2× TNPO-165 and 2× TNPO-160 day time periscopes for commander, TNPO-160 and 2× TNPO-165 day time periscopes for gunner and 3× TNPO-1688 day time periscopes for driver with option for TNP-1 1st Generation image intensifier with a max range of 30m in passive mode and 60m in active in 0.005 lux conditions)
(U model adds 1G46 gunners primary day sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with a wide optical magnification of 2.7× with a angular FOV of 54° and a narrow optical magnification of 12× with a angular FOV of 4.5° utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 5000m with an average ranging error of 0.3% at 5000m. T01-K01 gunners primary night sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 6× with an angular FOV of 4° using an Luna-4A xenon arc IR spotlight with a Buran-PA 2++ Generation image intensifier using an S-25 photocathode with a resolution of 60 lp/mm, sensitivity of 600 μA/lm, SNR of 29 and power output of 20 kV and minimum 0.003 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 2000m and passive identification range up to 1500m with an active detection range of 3000m and active identification range of 2000m with targeting slaved to 1G46 sight. TKN-4S commanders primary day/night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° using an OU-3GKU xenon arc IR spotlight with a day time telescopic optical sight enabling max day time identification range up to 3000m with a night sight utilising an Agat-S 1+++ Generation image intensifier with minimum 0.003 lux conditions required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1000m and passive identification range up to 700m with an active detection range of 1600m and active identification range of 900m)
(Command models add T01-P02-01 gunners primary night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a CRT display with a night time 1× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 55°, 3x optical magnification with a angular FOV of 40° and 12× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 4.5° utilising 1st generation FLIR with an Agava-2 matrix with a 256x FPA format and a 384×288p thermal image resolution enabling a max range of 5000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 4000m and NFOV identification up to 2000m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 2000m with NFOV recognition up to 800m with targeting slaved to 1G46)
(UM model adds T01-P02-01 gunners primary night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a CRT display with a night time 1× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 55°, 3x optical magnification with a angular FOV of 40° and 12× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 4.5° utilising Agava-2 1st Generation FLIR system utilising a 1PN70 matrix with a 256x FPA format, 388×284p thermal image resolution, 3-5 μm spectral range and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 10,000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 4000m and NFOV identification up to 2000m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 2000m with NFOV recognition up to 800m with targeting slaved to 1G46. T01-K04 multi-channel commanders primary sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° using an OU-3GKU xenon arc IR spotlight with a day time periscopic optical sight enabling max day time identification range up to 3000m with a night sight utilising an Agat-MR 3rd Generation image intensifier using a Mirage-K photocathode with a resolution of 68 lp/mm, sensitivity of 800 μA/lm, SNR of 30 and power output of 20 kV and minimum 0.001 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1500m and active detection range of 1800m in 0.001 lux conditions and an active identification range of tank sized targets up to 1000m and passive detection range up to 1000m with identification range up to 1000m in 0.001 lux conditions and up to 1000m in 0.005 lux)
(UM variants add T01-K05 gunners primary night sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 6× with an angular FOV of 4° using an PL-1 laser IR spotlight with a Buran-M 3rd Generation image intensifier using a EPM-59G photocathode with a resolution of 72 lp/mm, sensitivity of 900 μA/lm, SNR of 32, power output of 20 kV and minimum 0.001 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 2300m and passive identification range up to 1800m with an active detection range of 3500m and active identification range of 2300m with targeting slaved to 1G46. T01-K04 multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 47° and 7.6× with an angular FOV of 7° using an OU-3GKU xenon arc IR spotlight with a day time telescopic optical sight enabling max day time identification range up to 3000m with a night sight utilising an Agat-MR 3rd Generation image intensifier using a Mirage-K photocathode with a resolution of 68 lp/mm, sensitivity of 800 μA/lm, SNR of 30 and power output of 20 kV with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1500m and active detection range of 1800m in 0.001 lux conditions with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1400m and passive identification range up to 900m with an active detection range of 1900m and active identification range of 900m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 3000m)
(UE-1 models add PLISA 2× axis independently stabilised fully digital GPS utilising 2nd generation FLIR)
(BVM adds PNM-U gunners primary day/night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-12 LCD display for gunner and commander with a day time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 12.5°×10° and NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 1°×0.5° with a night time WFOV optical magnification with an FOV of 9°×6.75°, NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 3°×2.25° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1.5°×1.12° with an auto track channel utilising Catherine-FC 2nd Generation FLIR system utilising a Sofradir matrix with a 288x4 FPA format, 754×576p thermal image resolution, 8-12 μm spectral range, NETp of 70 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 20,000m and an automatic target tracking range up to 5000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 10,500m and NFOV identification up to 2500m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 6000m with NFOV recognition up to 2000m and FHD TV sight with an 1316×480p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 5000m and day time identification range up to 2000m with an integrated eye safe auto adjusting Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 7500m with an average ranging error of 0.3% at 7500m. TKN-3MK commanders primary day/night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an angular FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an angular FOV of 12° with a telescopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 30% at 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GKU xenon arc IR spotlight with a 2+ Generation image intensifier with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 900m and active detection range of 1400m in 0.001 lux conditions and an active identification range of tank sized targets up to 800m and passive identification range up to 600m in 0.001 lux conditions and up to 800m in 0.01 lux. 1P67 back up day time optical sight for gunner)
(BVM2 model adds PNM-U gunners primary day/night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-12 LCD display with a day time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 12.5°×10° and NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 1°×0.5° with a night time WFOV optical magnification with an FOV of 9°×6.75°, NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 3°×2.25° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1.5°×1.12° with an auto track channel utilising Sodema 2nd Generation FLIR system utilising a FEM10M matrix with a 288x4 FPA format, 754×576p thermal image resolution, 8-12 μm spectral range, pixel pitch of 30 μm, NETp of 70 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 20,000m and an automatic target tracking range up to 5000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 10,500m and NFOV identification up to 2500m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 6000m with NFOV recognition up to 2000m and FHD TV sight with an 1316×480p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 5000m and day time identification range up to 2000m with an integrated eye safe auto adjusting Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 7500m with an average ranging error of 0.3% at 7500m. TKN-3MKT commanders primary day/night sight with a digital telescopic electro optic with a day time 4x optical magnification with a angular FOV of 12° and 8× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 5° with a night time 2× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 12° and 4× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 9° utilising 2nd generation FLIR with a 640x480 microbolometer and thermal image resolution with a NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 2500m with a NFOV identification range up to 800m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 1000m and NFOV recognition up to 600m and HD TV sight with an 800×600p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 3000m and day time identification range up to 2000m. 2× TKV-1-95 480p day time TV sights for drivers with integrated LLLTV channel with minimum 0.003 lux required each with an FOV of 96°)
(Russian Upgrade models have option for T01-K01-TP 2nd Generation FLIR for GPS with a Buran-TP 640×480 FPA microbolometer with a 640×480p thermal image resolution with NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 3000m and NFOV identification up to 1000m)
(BM model adds 1PN96MT-02 multi-channel gunners primary day/night sight utilising a fully digital periscopic electro optic with an integrated LCD display for gunner with a WFOV with a FOV of 9°×6.75° and NFOV with a FOV of 3°×2.25° utilising 2nd generation FLIR with a 640x480 microbolometer and thermal image resolution with a NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 3000m with a NFOV identification range up to 1000m and HD TV sight with an 800×600p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 5000m and day time recognition range up to 4000m with an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 5000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 5000m. TKN-3MK multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an angular FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an angular FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -5°/+10° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a telescopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 30% at 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GA2 incandescent IR spotlight with a 2+ Generation image intensifier with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 900m and active detection range of 1400m in 0.001 lux conditions and an active identification range of tank sized targets up to 800m and passive identification range up to 600m in 0.001 lux conditions and up to 800m in 0.01 lux)
Weapons Systems: 2A46 2nd Generation 125mm smoothbore gun with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. PKTM 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s. NSVT 12.7×108mm Anti Aircraft Gun.
3BM22 Zakolka 2+ Generation sabot utilising maraging steel tungsten core APFSDS-T with a 400mm sabot size and L/D of 11:1 utilising a 4.5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1780 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 400-470mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 150-180mm at 60° LOS with an effective firing range of 2 km.
3BK18 Nadyezhda-K 2nd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.5 kg explosive filling utilising a shaped charge with a steel liner using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s enabling 500-600mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 230-270mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 2 km.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh52 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 4 km with a max firing range up to 7 km.
B model adds 2A46-2 with 9K112-1 2nd Generation GLATGM FCS with a 90461-1 semi automatic radio correction guidance system with ground engagement up to 4000m with a max ground target velocity of 75 kph and max aerial target velocity of 300 kph up to 5000m with an altitude of 500m with a horizontal gun laying of 360° and vertical gun laying of -7°/+11°.
3BK21 Ankyer-4 2nd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.6 kg explosive filling utilising a shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s enabling 600-700mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 250-300mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3 km.
3BM26 Nadezhda-R 2+ Generation sabot utilising maraging steel tungsten core APFSDS-T with a 400mm sabot size and L/D of 11:1 utilising a 4.5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1750 m/s and a muzzle energy of 8 m/j with 400-500mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 180-220mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM29 Nadphil-2 2+ Generation sabot utilising maraging steel DU core APFSDS-T with a 450mm sabot size and L/D of 12:1 utilising a 5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 400-520mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 200-250mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
9M112M Kobra-M 2nd Generation ATGM using the 9D129 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 400 m/s utilising a radio guided SACLOS HEAT with 700-800mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 350-400mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3 km.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh52 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 4 km with a max firing range up to 7 km.
7BZ3 7.62×54mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 810 m/s enabling a 6mm to 9mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 200 to 800m
7BZ1 12.7×108mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 818 m/s enabling a 7mm to 25mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 3mm to 20mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 100 to 800m
Ammo: 28x tank rounds in autoloader with 13x tank rounds and 4x GLATGMs stowed in the hull. 1250x 7.62×54mm rounds. 500x 12.7×108mm rounds.
U and BV models adds 2A46M-1 3rd Generation 125mm smoothbore gun with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. PKTM 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s. NSVT 12.7×108mm Anti Aircraft Gun. 9K119 3rd Generation GLATGM with ground engagement up to 5000m with a max ground target velocity of 90 kph and max aerial target velocity of 300 kph up to 5000m with an altitude of 500m with a horizontal gun laying of 360° and vertical gun laying of -7°/+11°. (UD adds 1ETs29 12.7×108mm electromechanical RWS with a traverse rate of 360° in azimuth and -15°/+85° in elevation)
3BM32 Vant 3rd Generation sabot utilising DU APFSDS-T with a 380mm sabot size and L/D of 17:1 utilising a 5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 400-560mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 220-270mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM42 Mango 3rd Generation sabot utilising tungsten APFSDS-T with a 520mm sabot size and L/D of 17:1 utilising a 5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1720 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 500-640mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 230-280mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BK29 Breyk 3rd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.8 kg explosive filling utilising a tandem shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 920 m/s enabling 800-1000mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 400-500mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3 km.
3UBK20 Refleks 3rd Generation ATGM using the 9Kh949 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 350 m/s utilising a laser guided SACLOS tandem shaped HEAT with 800-1000mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 400-450mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 4 km.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh40 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 7.5 km. .
9M128 Agona 2nd Generation ATGM using the 9D129 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 400 m/s utilising a radio guided SACLOS tandem HEAT with 800-1000mm pen of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 and 450-500mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 4 km.
BM, UK and UM variants add 2A46M-3 3rd Generation 125mm electroplated chromium smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the MZ-643 hydroelectric autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 260-310 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising fully digital barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 550-640, EFC barrel life of 450 rounds for APFSDS and 2000 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 1200 with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. 6P17 12.7×108mm electronic RWS with traverse of 115° in azimuth and -5°/+70° in elevation at 30 deg/s. (BM model has no RWS). 9K119 3rd Generation GLATGM FCS with a 9S813 semi automatic laser correction guidance system with ground engagement up to 5000m with a max ground target velocity of 90 kph and max aerial target velocity of 300 kph up to 5000m with an altitude of 500m with a horizontal gun laying of 360° and vertical gun laying of -7°/+11°. PKTM 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s.
3BM48 Svinets 4th Generation sabot utilising DU APFSDS-T with a 550mm sabot size and L/D of 21:1 utilising a 4 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7.4 m/j with 600-750mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 280-330mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM42-2 Mango-2 4th Generation sabot utilising tungsten APFSDS-T with a 550mm sabot size and L/D of 26:1 utilising a 4 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1720 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 550-700mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 280-330mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BK29M Breyk-M 3rd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.8 kg explosive filling utilising a tandem shaped charge with a uranium liner using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 920 m/s enabling 900-1100mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 450-550mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3 km.
3UBK20 Refleks 3rd Generation ATGM using the 9Kh949 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 350 m/s utilising a laser guided SACLOS tandem shaped HEAT with 800-1000mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 400-450mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 4 km.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh40 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 7.5 km
3Sh7 Voron Anti Personnel Canister with up to 2000 tungsten flechettes with an effective firing range up to 500m and a max firing range up to 1.2 km.
3BM60 Svinets-2 4+ Generation sabot utilising tungsten APFSDS with a 640mm sabot size and L/D of 28:1 utilising a 5.1 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1660 m/s and a muzzle energy of 12 m/j with 630-800mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 300-400mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM59 Svinets-1 4+ Generation sabot utilising DU APFSDS with a 685mm sabot size and L/D of 29:1 utilising a 5.5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1660 m/s and a muzzle energy of 12 m/j with 660-900mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 330-450mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3UBK20M1 Invar-M1 3rd Generation ATGM using the 9Kh949 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 350 m/s utilising a laser guided ACLOS tandem shaped HEAT with 900-1100mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 500-550mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 5 km and up to 7 km with delayed fuse.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh40 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 4 km with a max firing range up to 7 km.
3Sh8 Ainet Anti Personnel Canister with up to 4700 tungsten flechettes with an effective firing range up to 900m and a max firing range up to 2 km.
7N34 12.7×108mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 785 m/s enabling a 10mm to 30mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 6mm to 24mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range of 100 to 2000m
7N13 7.62×54mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 716 m/s enabling a 7mm to 10mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 200 to 800m
Armour: 80-105-20 1st Generation composite armour
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 550-750mm vs CE and 350-550mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 100-200mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 10-50mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Turret roof 60-120mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 50-80mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 200-300mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 500-700mm vs CE and 300-500mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 100-200mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 50-100mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Hull sides 100-200mm Vs CE at 0° and 50-100mm vs KEP at 0° RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Obr. 81 models adds 50-35-50-35-50 2nd Generation composite armour
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 650-850mm vs CE and 450-650mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 200-300mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Turret roof 60-100mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 10-50mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-900mm vs CE and 500-700mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 400-600mm vs CE and 200-400mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
BV models adds Kontakt-1 1st Generation ERA.
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 950-1250mm vs CE and 480-710mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 200-300mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-800mm vs CE and 130-260mm vs KEP.
Turret roof 60-100mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 10-50mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 360-600mm vs CE and 40-110mm vs KEP.
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 950-1250mm vs CE and 450-810mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 900-1200mm vs CE and 430-660mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 500-800mm vs CE and 130-260mm vs KEP.
U model adds 50-35-50-35-50 2nd Generation composite armour with Kontakt-5 2nd Generation ERA.
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1150-1450mm vs CE and 650-950mm vs KEP.
Turret roof 100-200mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 50-100mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-800mm vs CE and 250-400mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 200-300mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + 2× layers of Kontakt-5 that adds 1000-1200mm vs CE and 400-600mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1500-2100mm vs CE and 900-1300mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-1000mm vs CE and 230-460mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 300-500mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 800-1100mm vs CE and 300-500mm vs KEP.
BVM and BM adds Relikt 3rd Generation ERA and 4S22 1st Generation ERA.
Turret sides 800-1000mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 400-600mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + 2× layers of Relikt that adds 1200-1400mm vs CE and 600-800mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1900-2200mm vs CE and 1000-1500mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-1000mm vs CE and 230-460mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Relikt that adds 600-700mm vs CE and 300-400mm vs KEP + Karkas-2 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 40-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1300-1600mm vs CE and 440-660mm vs KEP.
Engine and Transmission: SG-1000 1000 hp gas turbine engine with manual transmission and torsion bar suspension.
(B model uses GTD-1000TF 1100 hp gas turbine engine. manual transmission and torsion bar suspension. GTA-18A APU)
(U & BVM model adds GTD-1250 1250 hp gas turbine engine with manual transmission and torsion bar suspension)
(UK models add AB-1-P28 full power APU)
(UD and UE-1 models add 6TD-1 1000 hp diesel engine with a manual transmission and torsion bar suspension)
(BVM2 model adds GTD-1400FE 1400 hp DECU gas turbine engine with electronic throttle control driving controls and a digitally assisted automatic transmission with a torsion bar suspension)
Command & Control Systems: Magnolia solid state communication complex with the R-123 2nd Generation solid state VHF/HF radio enabling a communication range of 13 km moving and 20 km stationary with 4 preset channels with the R-124 solid state intercom with 4 subscribers and the T-219 secure voice encryption system. GPK-48 mechanical gyrocompass. MPB tank azimuth indicator.
(Command models add TNA-3 electronic navigation suite with MAYAK electromechanical inertial navigation system utilising 1T25 electronic course plotting system utilising an electromechanical navigation display with KP-2M1 surveyor system and 1G11 electromechanical gyrocompass. Dahlia-U solid state communication complex with the R-130 2nd Generation solid state VHF/HF radio with a C2 system enabling a communication range of 40 km moving and 350 km stationary with 4 preset channels with the R-124 solid state intercom with 10×4 subscribers and the T-219 secure voice encryption system utilising radio communication control with voice formats displayed)
(BV, U, UD, UE and UE-1 model added Paragraph-R digital communication complex with the R-173-16 3rd Generation digital VHF radio enabling a communication range of 20 km moving and 40 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 10 channels with data transfer speeds of 1.2 kbit/s, 10 kbit/s and 16 kbit/s with the R-174 digital intercom with 4 subscribers with the R-173P digital display utilising radio communication control with voice formats displayed. GPK-59 electromechanical gyrocompass)
(BV Command models add Crossbow-50K digital communication complex with the R-163-50K 3rd Generation digital VHF radio with SATCOMS enabling a communication range of 90 km moving and 350 km stationary and unlimited range with satellite link with digital data encryption operating on 16 channels with data transfer speeds of 1.2 kbit/s, 10 kbit/s and 16 kbit/s with the R-174 digital intercom with 10×4 subscribers with the R-163-UP digital display utilising radio communication control, squads unit link, digital information display with text and voice formats displayed. TNA-4 fully digital navigation system with 1G50 digital gyrocompass and 1T129 digital surveyor system with fully digital integrated course plotting utilising a polychrome CRT MFD utilising digital navigation software, moving map display and data sharing with a SGK-70 GLONASS Global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 5m and average CEP of 30m)
(U Command models adds TNA-4-6 fully digital navigation system with 1G50 digital gyrocompass and 1T129 digital surveyor system with fully digital integrated course plotting utilising a polychrome CRT MFD utilising digital navigation software, moving map display and data sharing with a SGK-70 GLONASS Global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 5m and average CEP of 30m. Crossbow-50K digital communication complex with the R-163-50K 3rd Generation digital VHF radio with SATCOMS enabling a communication range of 90 km moving and 350 km stationary and unlimited range with satellite link with digital data encryption operating on 16 channels with data transfer speeds of 1.2 kbit/s, 10 kbit/s and 16 kbit/s with the R-174 digital intercom with 10×4 subscribers with the R-163-UP digital display utilising radio communication control, squads unit link, digital information display with text and voice formats displayed)
(UM model adds KSS-80 fully digital communication complex with the R-168-5UV 4th Generation fully digital VHF/UHF radio enabling a communication range of 20 km moving and 60 km stationary and unlimited range with satellite link with 100 frequency hops per second on 8 programmable channels using up to 256 frequency carriers utilising the Aqueduct FHSS waveform with 100 frequency hops per second with data transfer speeds of 16 kbit/s, 5 mbit/s and 11 mbit/s utilising the R-168UP fully digital receiver connected to the AVSK-2U C2 and intercom system with 10×4 subscribers with GLONASS communication integration utilising radio communication control, C2 integration, squads unit link, multi platform subscription and digital information displayed with text, image and voice formats utilised)
(BVM and BM adds KSS-80 fully digital communication complex with the R-168-25UE-2 4th Generation fully digital VHF/UHF radio enabling a communication range of 30 km moving and 60 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 8 programmable channels and 256 frequency carriers utilising the Aqueduct FHSS waveform with 100 frequency hops per second with data transfer speeds of 16 kbit/s, 5 mbit/s and 11 mbit/s utilising the R-168-PU2 digital display connected to the Kavkaz-EASS digital C3I radio communication network and the AVSK-2U C2 and intercom system with 10×4 subscribers with GLONASS communication integration utilising radio communication control, C2 integration, squads unit link, multi platform subscription and digital information displayed with text, image and voice formats utilised with optional UNKV-E tablet utilising a Sozvezdie-2M C2IS suite linked to the PTK blue force tracking network with squads level blue force tracking software, moving map display, precision targeting, weapons management software, data sharing and basic C2 software with NPI-2 GLONASS receiver utilising GLONASS-M fully digital global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 2m and average CEP of 10m)
(BVM2 model adds GALS-D2M C4 system with a digital display utilising Akatsiya-M C2ISR suite with an integrated vehicle health management system linked to the PTK blue force tracking network with section to platoon level blue force tracking software, surrounding land formation intelligence, digital navigation, moving map display, precision targeting, vehicle health management and health software, vehicle weapons management software, reconnaissance software, data sharing and C2 software with GLONASS-K Global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 60cm and average CEP of 3m. DKMV drivers independent management system with vehicle health system, navigation software, CBRN operation, firefighting systems and engine monitoring system. OSNOD fully digital tactical data link)
Counter Measures: TDA 1st Generation Soft Kill APS with diesel engine exhaust smoke generator discharging laser and optical obscuring smoke. 3ETs11-2 solid state electronic automatic fire suppression system with a maximum reaction time of <5 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 80 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 250 ms. GO-27 solid state electronic CBRN protection system with overpressure system, antiradiation lining and air filtering ventilation with gamma ray detection rates of 0.2 to 150 rads p/h with threat identification and automatic response with system response to chemical and biological threats in 40s, radioactivity threats in 10s and gamma ray bursts in 0.1s with size of biological threats detected from 3 to 8 μm with an operating temperature of ±50°. Podboi/Nadboi Spall liners. Options for KMT-7 mine plow. 3× DV-3 5W fans for cool air circulation with an operating temperature from 20 to 25°C.
(B model adds Tucha-902A 1st Generation Soft Kill APS with 8× smoke dischargers firing the 3D6 infrared, laser and optical obscuring smoke grenades that can create a 27×8m concealment zone in 15 to 22 seconds for a time of 60 to 90 seconds)
(BV model added 3ETs13 Iney digital automatic explosion suppression system with an anti deflagration suppressor with a maximum reaction time of <2 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 50 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 250 ms)
(U, UD, UE, UE-1 and UK models add Tucha-902A 1st Generation Soft Kill APS with 8× smoke dischargers firing the 3D6M infrared, laser and optical obscuring smoke grenades effective in the 0.4-14 μm spectral range that can create a concealment zone that is 10-30m in width and 3-10m in height with a launch range of 250 to 300m with full coverage reached in 10 to 15 seconds with a concealment time of 50 to 60 seconds. 3ETs13 Iney digital automatic explosion suppression system with an anti deflagration suppressor with a maximum reaction time of <2 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 50 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 250 ms)
(UM model adds TShU-1-7 Shtora-1 3rd Generation Soft Kill APS with 12× smoke dischargers firing the 3D17 laser, optical and infrared obscuring smoke grenades effective in the 0.4-14 μm spectral range that can create a 50×10m concealment zone in 3 to 5 seconds for a time of 15 to 20 seconds and 4× LWRs with a 360° protection range in azimuth and -5°/+25° protection range in elevation with 2× EO dazzlers with a 20° protection range in azimuth and ±5° protection range in elevation)
(UM-1 model adds T08-A5 Arena 2nd Generation Hard Kill APS with 26× APS rounds with 8× Pulse doppler MAW sensors with a 300° protection range in azimuth and -85°/+65° protection coverage in elevation with a projectile detection range up to 50m and a projectile engagement range up to 1.5m with max target velocity up to 700 m/s and reaction time of 0.05 seconds)
(UM-2 model adds 1030M-01 Drozd 1st Generation Hard Kill APS with 8× APS rounds with 2× Pulse doppler MAW sensors with a 100° protection range in azimuth and -6°/+20° protection coverage in elevation with a projectile detection range up to 150 m and a projectile engagement range up to 7m with max target velocity up to 500 m/s and reaction time of 0.1 seconds)
(BVM and BM adds 3ETs13-1 Iney-M digital automatic explosion suppression system with an anti deflagration suppressor with a maximum reaction time of <2 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 20 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 200 ms. Tucha-902B 2nd Generation Soft Kill APS with 12× smoke dischargers firing the 3D17 infrared, laser and optical obscuring smoke grenades effective in the 0.4-14 μm spectral range that can create a concealment zone that is 10-15m in width and 10m in height with a launch range of 75 to 90m with full coverage reached in 3 to 5 seconds with a concealment time of 15 to 20 seconds. Optional Nakidka stealth system for up to 30% reduction in IIR detectability and an RCS reduction up to -10 dB. Slat armour on the engine compartment. Aramid spall liners. PKUZ-1A digital CBRN protection system with overpressure system, antiradiation lining and air filtering ventilation with a radiation detection range of 0.66 to 1.25 MeV with gamma ray detection rates of 0.1 to 500 rads p/h with threat identification and automatic response with system response to chemical and biological threats in 10s, radioactivity threats in 3s and gamma ray bursts in 0.1s with size of biological threats detected from 2 to 10 μm with an operating temperature of ±60°. 6B48 spall vest for crew)
(BM and BVM2 model adds self protection complex with roof cage armour and slat armour with the RP-377UVM1L ECM system providing a 360° self protection jamming envelope in azimuth and an active jamming range up to 600m. 6B48 spall vest for crew)
Mobility: Max Speed 70 kph on road ando40 kph off road with reverse speed with 11 kph. Acceleration 60 kph in 11 seconds. Range 330 km. Climb a 1 m obstacle and cross 2.9 m trench. Climb a 62° gradient and negotiate a 40° side slope. Pivot speed of 8s on road and 12s on dirt. Fording depth 1.8 m. RMSh single pin metal tracks with a width of 580mm and ground contact of 427cm with a ground contact force of 9.8 kg/cm². Hull weight 42 tonnes. Power to weight ratio of 26 hp/tonne.
(BVM, BM and U models add Max Speed 80 kph on road and 40 kph off road with reverse speed with 11 kph. Acceleration 60 kph in 7 seconds. Range 400 km. UMSh Dual pin metal tracks with a width of 580mm and ground contact of 429cm with a ground contact force of 12.1 kg/cm²)
(U models have Hull weight of 47 tonnes with a Power to weight ratio of 26 hp/tonne)
(BVM has Hull weight of 48 tonnes with a Power to weight ratio of 26 hp/tonne)
(BVM2 has Power to weight ratio of 29 hp/tonne)
(BV has 44 tonne Hull weight and Power to weight ratio of 25 hp/tonne)
T-72 Ural
Prototype: 1968
Production: 1971
Service: 1973
Generation: 2nd
Combat Rank: S
Number Made: 5000+
T-72A
Prototype: 1974
Production: 1976
Service: 1979
Generation: 2+
Combat Rank: A
Number Made: 14,000+
T-72B
Prototype 1982
Production 1984
Service 1985
Generation: 2.5
Combat Rank: S
Number Made: 10,000+
T-72BA
Prototype: 1996
Production: 1998
Service: 2005
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: A
Number Made: 700+
T-72BM
Prototype: 2022
Production: 2022
Service: 2024
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: S
Cost: $300k
Number Made: 1000+
T-72B3
Prototype: 2006
Production: 2008
Service: 2011
Generation: 3+
Combat Rank: S
Cost: $700k/$1.5m
Number Made: 2000+
Prototype: 2012
Production: 2013
Service: 2014
Generation: 3+
Combat Rank: A
Number Made: 80+
T-72B3M
Prototype: 2014
Production: 2015
Service: 2016
Generation: 3+
Combat Rank: S
Cost: $1m/$2m
Number Made: 700+
T-72B3M2
Prototype: 2019
Production: 2022
Service: 2024
Generation: 3+
Combat Rank: A
Cost: $2m
Number Made: 900+
T-72B3MA
Prototype: 2016
Production: 2024
Service: 2026
Generation: 3+
Combat Rank: B
Cost: $2.5m
Number Made: 6
Fire control system: TPD-72 electromechanical FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, independent sight stabilisation, basic hunter killer system, manual target lead, semi automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation and automated range compensation with steering angle, target range, target speed, vehicle speed and gun tracking automatically accounted for mechanically with ammunition type, atmospheric pressure/altitude, air temperature, shot charge temperature and barrel wear manually accounted for mechanically with the T2S electronic ballistic calculation system utilising the 1V29 mechanical arithmometer enabling automatic gun superelevation and automated range compensation with a target correction enabled in 3 seconds with a max superelevation angle of -2 mils to +30 mils and Delta-D up to 4000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 4000m, max target velocity of 32 kph with a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 300m. Automated fire control components are the RKN-4 electronic shot control unit with max gun tracking of 349 mils/s in azimuth and 78.5 mils/s in elevation, TG-25 course angle sensor with a potentiometer with an accuracy of ±1°, SP-110 vehicle speed sensor with a tachogenerator with a tracked speed of 20 kph, TE-4B gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±10%, 2A26M2 125mm smoothbore gun with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the AZ-172 electromechanical autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg and recoil stroke of 270-340 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm enabling an MPa of 400-500, EFC barrel life of 100 rounds for APFSDS and 1000 rounds for HE with an average of 600 and the Sireneviy solid state gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E28M2 gun and turret hydroelectric stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 20 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 22 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -5°/+14 at 4.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+14° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 1.2 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 35 kph with a stabilisation moment of 1900 Nm and stiffness of 640 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 2 mils in azimuth and 0.8 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 0.75 to 1.5 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+14° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the nomogram display for barrel wear, air temperature, shot charge temperature and atmospheric pressure differentials, Sight integrated manual lateral lead generation system with a max lead angle of ±8 mils, ZU-172 ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS and APFSDS-T, TPD-2 ballistic computer with ammunition type and target range manually adjustable and the Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the 1G15-2 gunners primary day sight with a monocular periscopic optic with a 1ETs20-2 gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation at 20 kph and minimum/maximum and stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s with an integrated TPD-2-49 split-image coincidence rangefinder with back up stereoscopic system enabling an accuracy of ±25m at 1 km, TPN-1-49 gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a 2A26M2 gun parallelogram linkage stabilisation in elevation with a stabilised vertical movement of -6°/+16° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/2 deg/s and the TKN-3M commanders primary day/night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a cupola linked rotation stabilisation in azimuth with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° and minimum/maximum sight movements of 0.05/30 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate on the move at 20 kph vs targets moving at 35 kph up to 4000m with an accuracy of <1 MRAD, 1800m at <0.5 MRAD, <0.3 MRAD at 1000m and <0.1 MRAD at 300m.
(1981 A model adds 1A40 TPD-72 digitised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, independent sight stabilisation, basic hunter killer system, semi automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation, automated range compensation and gun launched missile coursing with steering angle, target range, target speed, vehicle speed, target tracking and gun tracking automatically accounted for mechanically with ammunition type, atmospheric pressure/altitude, air temperature, shot charge temperature and barrel wear manually accounted for mechanically with the UVBU/T2S digitised ballistic calculation system utilising a digital computer with lateral lead generation and the 1V29 electromechanical arithmometer enabling automatic gun superelevation and automated range compensation with a target correction enabled in 1.5 to 3 seconds with a max superelevation angle of -2 mils to +30 mils, max lead angle of ±32 mils and Delta-D up to 4000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 4000m, max target velocity of 65 kph with a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 500m. Automated fire control components are the KN214 digital shot control unit with horizontal and vertical target tracking with max target tracking up to ±20 mils/s in azimuth and ±10 mils/s in elevation with an angular tracking rate of 1 deg/s with an accuracy of 0.6 mils in azimuth and 0.3 mils in elevation with max gun tracking of 418.8 mils/s in azimuth and 113.4 mils/s in elevation, TG-25 course angle sensor with a potentiometer with an accuracy of ±1°, SP-110 vehicle speed sensor with a speedometer with a tracked speed of 20 kph, TE-4B gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±10%, 2A46 125mm smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the AZ-172 electromechanical autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 270-340 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising analogue barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 500-550, EFC barrel life of 200 rounds for APFSDS and 1200 rounds for HE with an EFC average of 800 and the Sireneviy solid state gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E28M2 gun and turret hydroelectric stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 20 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 22 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -5°/+14 at 4.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+14° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 1.2 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 35 kph with a stabilisation moment of 1900 Nm and stiffness of 640 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 2 mils in azimuth and 0.8 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 0.75 to 1.5 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+14° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the nomogram display for air temperature, shot charge temperature and atmospheric pressure differentials, UVP ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM, TPD-2 ballistic computer with ammunition type and target range manually adjustable and the Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the TPD-K1M gunners primary day sight with a digitally assisted periscopic optic with a 1ETs20M gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation at 20 kph and minimum/maximum and stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s with an integrated 1:06 μm wavelength Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a range gate of 500 to 4000m with an accuracy of ±15m, TPN-3-49 gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a 2A46-1 gun parallelogram linkage stabilisation in elevation with a stabilised vertical movement of -6°/+14° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/2 deg/s and the TKN-3 commanders primary day/night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a cupola linked rotation stabilisation in azimuth with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° and minimum/maximum sight movements of 0.05/30 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate on move at 20 kph vs targets moving at 65 kph up to 4000m with an accuracy of 0.5-0.8 MRAD, 2000m with an accuracy of 0.3-0.5 MRAD and 500m with an accuracy of 0.1 MRAD)
(B models add 1A40-1 TPD-72 digitised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, independent sight stabilisation, basic hunter killer system, semi automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation, automated range compensation and gun launched missile coursing with steering angle, target range, target speed, vehicle speed, target tracking and gun tracking automatically accounted for mechanically with ammunition type, atmospheric pressure/altitude, air temperature, shot charge temperature and barrel wear manually accounted for mechanically with the UVBU/T2S digitised ballistic calculation system utilising a digital computer with lateral lead generation and the 1V29 electromechanical arithmometer enabling automatic gun superelevation and automated range compensation with a target correction enabled in 1.5 to 3 seconds with a max superelevation angle of -2 mils to +30 mils, max lead angle of ±32 mils and Delta-D up to 4000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 4000m, max target velocity of 65 kph with a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 500m. Automated fire control components are the KN214 digital shot control unit with horizontal and vertical target tracking with max target tracking up to ±20 mils/s in azimuth and ±10 mils/s in elevation with an angular tracking rate of 1 deg/s with an accuracy of 0.6 mils in azimuth and 0.3 mils in elevation with max gun tracking of 418.8 mils/s in azimuth and 113.4 mils/s in elevation, TG-25 course angle sensor with a potentiometer with an accuracy of ±1°, SP-110 vehicle speed sensor with a speedometer with a tracked speed of 20 kph, TE-4B gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±10%, 2A46M 125mm smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the AZ-184 hydroelectric autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 260-310 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising analogue barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 550-640, EFC barrel life of 450 rounds for APFSDS and 2000 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 1200, 9K120 GLATGM system with a 9S831 semi automatic laser correction guidance system and the Zhasmin digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E42-2 hydroelectric gun and electromechanical turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 24 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 40 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -5°/+15 at 6.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+15° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 0.8 mils/s in azimuth and 0.5 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 60 kph with a stabilisation moment of 2200 Nm and stiffness of 850 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.6 mils in azimuth and 0.5 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 2 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the nomogram display for air temperature, shot charge temperature and atmospheric pressure differentials, UVP ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM, TPD-2 ballistic computer with ammunition type and target range manually adjustable and the Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the TPD-K1M gunners primary day sight with a digitally assisted monocular periscopic optic with a 1ETs20M gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation at 20 kph and minimum/maximum and stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s with an integrated 1:06 μm wavelength Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a range gate of 500 to 4000m with an accuracy of ±15m, 1K13-49 KUV gunners primary night sight with a monocular periscopic electro optic with a 2A46M parallelogram linkage stabilisation in elevation with a gun dependent stabilised vertical movement of -6°/+14° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 13° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/2 deg/s and the TKN-3M commanders primary day/night sight with a binocular periscopic electro optic with a cupola linked rotation stabilisation in azimuth with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° and minimum/maximum sight movements of 0.05/30 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate on move at 20 kph vs targets moving at 65 kph up to 4000m with an accuracy of 0.5-0.8 MRAD, 2000m with an accuracy of 0.3-0.5 MRAD and 500m with an accuracy of 0.1 MRAD)
(BA model adds 1A40-M2 fully computerised FCS with a 1V558 32x bit digital ballistic computer with a 2E42-4 2× axis digital hydroelectric stabilisation)
(BM model adds 1A40-1MT computerised FCS with automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding and Delta-D with steering angle, heading, acceleration, vehicle speed, target speed, target range, shot velocity, cant, parallax, gun tracking and gun jump automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type, barrel wear, muzzle deviation, atmospheric pressure/altitude, air temperature, shot charge temperature and projectile filler deviation manually accounted for digitally with an electronic ballistic calculator utilising a 32x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated range compensation, contrast target locking and automatic gun superelevation with UVP ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM. 1st hit rate on move at 50 kph up to 5500m with an accuracy of <0.3-0.5 MRAD, 3000m with an accuracy of <0.1-0.4 MRAD, 2000m with an accuracy of <0.2 MRAD and 1500m with an accuracy of <0.1 MRAD with a max ballistic calculation up to 8000m for HE and 4000m for AP/HEAT. TKN-3 Commander's Override with independent hunter killer system utilising horizontal turret traverse)
(B3 model adds 1A40-4 Sosna-U fully computerised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, 2× axis independent sight stabilisation, hunter killer system, automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation, automatic target tracking, automatic lead drift compensation, automated range compensation and gun launched missile coursing with steering angle, heading, acceleration, vehicle speed, target speed, target range, shot velocity, projectile filler deviation, muzzle deviation, atmospheric pressure/altitude, humidity, cant, parallax, cross/head/tail wind, air temperature, shot charge temperature, gun tracking, target tracking, gun jump, lead drift and barrel wear automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type manually accounted for digitally with an electronic ballistic calculator utilising a programmable 32x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated range compensation, contrast target locking and automatic gun superelevation with UVP ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM. Zhasmin digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E42-4 hydroelectric gun and electromechanical turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 40 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 40 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -5°/+15 at 8.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+15° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 0.8 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 60 kph with a stabilisation moment of 2200 Nm and stiffness of 850 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.3 mils in azimuth and 0.2 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 2 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth, and the PK-72 Commander's Override system with a hunter killer sight utilising full turret control and gun takeover or Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. With a 1st hit rate on the move at 60 kph vs targets moving at 90 kph up to 8000m with an accuracy of <0.7-0.9 MRAD, up to 6000m with an accuracy of <0.3-0.5 MRAD, 3000m with an accuracy of <0.1-0.4 MRAD, 2000m with an accuracy of <0.2 MRAD and 1500m with an accuracy of <0.1 MRAD)
(B3M model adds PNM fully digital gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E58 electromechanical gun and turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 40 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 45 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -6°/+15 at 10 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+15° at 15 deg/s with precision movements of 0.1 mils/s in azimuth and 0.08 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 70 kph with a stabilisation moment of 3000 Nm and stiffness of 1500 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.05 mils in azimuth and 0.01 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 1 to 4 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth)
Targeting Systems: 1G15-2 gunners primary day sight with a periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated TPD-2-49 split-image coincidence rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 3% at 4000m. TPN-1-49-23 gunners primary night sight with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° utilising the Luna-2 incandescent IR spotlight with a Karmin-PA 1+ Generation image intensifier using an S-1 photocathode with a resolution of 28 lp/mm, sensitivity of 200 μA/lm, SNR of 18 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 700m and passive identification range up to 500m with an active detection range of 1200m and active identification range of 800m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m. TKN-3M multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a telescopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GA2 incandescent IR spotlight with a 1+ Generation image intensifier with minimum 0.005 lux conditions required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 600m and passive identification range up to 500m with an active detection range of 1200m and active identification range of 800m. 2× TNPO-160 and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscopes for commander, TNP-165A and TNPA-65 day time periscopes for gunner and TNPO-168V and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscope for driver with option for TVNO-2B 1st Generation image intensifier with a max range of 60m in passive mode and 100m in active in 0.005 lux conditions.
(1975> models add TPD-K1 gunners primary day sight with a digitally assisted periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation with minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 0.7% at 4000m)
(A model adds TPD-K1 gunners primary day sight with a digitally assisted periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation with minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 0.7% at 4000m. TPN-3-49 gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° utilising the Luna-4A xenon arc IR spotlight with a Kristall-PA 1++ Generation image intensifier using an S-20 photocathode with a resolution of 45 lp/mm, sensitivity of 300 μA/lm, SNR of 25 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1200m and passive identification range up to 800m with an active detection range of 2000m and active identification range of 1300m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m)
(B models add TPD-K1M gunners primary day sight with a digitally assisted periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation with minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 4000m. 1K13-49 KUV gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° utilising the Luna-4A xenon arc IR spotlight with a Kristall-PA 1++ Generation image intensifier using an S-20 photocathode with a resolution of 45 lp/mm, sensitivity of 300 μA/lm, SNR of 25 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1200m and passive identification range up to 800m with an active detection range of 2000m and active identification range of 1300m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m. TKN-3M multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an angular FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an angular FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a telescopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 30% at 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GKU xenon arc IR spotlight with a 1++ Generation image intensifier with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 800m and active detection range of 1200m in 0.005 lux conditions and an active identification range of tank sized targets up to 800m and passive identification range up to 500m in 0.005 lux conditions and up to 700m in 0.01 lux. 2× TNPO-160 and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscopes for commander, TNP-165A and TNPA-65 day time periscopes for gunner and TNPO-168V and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscope for driver with option for TVN-5 2nd Generation image intensifier with a max range of 180m in passive mode and 250m in active in 0.003 lux conditions)
(BA model adds TPN-3-49KS night sight utilising 3rd Generation image intensifiers. TKN-3MK day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an angular FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an angular FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a telescopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 30% at 3000m with an integrated night sight using a 2+ Generation image intensifier with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 900m and active detection range of 1400m in 0.001 lux conditions and an active identification range of tank sized targets up to 800m and passive identification range up to 600m in 0.001 lux conditions and up to 800m in 0.01 lux. 2× TNPO-160 and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscopes for commander, TNP-165A and TNPA-65 day time periscopes for gunner and TNPO-168V and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscope for driver with option for TVN-5 2nd Generation image intensifier with a max range of 180m in passive mode and 250m in active in 0.003 lux conditions)
(BM model adds 1PN96MT-02 multi-channel gunners primary day/night sight utilising a fully digital periscopic electro optic with an integrated LCD display for gunner with a WFOV with a FOV of 9°×6.75° and NFOV with a FOV of 3°×2.25° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 8° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.12 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/6 deg/s utilising 2nd generation FLIR with a 640x480 microbolometer and thermal image resolution with a NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 3000m with a NFOV identification range up to 1000m and HD TV sight with an 800×600p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 5000m and day time identification range up to 4000m with an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 5000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 5000m. TKN-3MK multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an angular FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an angular FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a periscopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GA2 incandescent IR spotlight with a 2++ Generation image intensifier with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 900m and active detection range of 1400m in 0.001 lux conditions and an active identification range of tank sized targets up to 800m and passive identification range up to 600m in 0.001 lux conditions and up to 800m in 0.01 lux. TPD-K1M back up day time optical sight for gunner)
(B3 models adds PNM-U gunners primary day/night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-12 LCD display for gunner and commander with a day time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 12.5°×10° and NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 1°×0.5° with a night time WFOV optical magnification with an FOV of 9°×6.75°, NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 3°×2.25° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1.5°×1.12° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 14° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.1 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/6 deg/s with an auto track channel utilising Catherine-FC 2nd Generation FLIR system utilising a Sofradir matrix with a 288x4 FPA format, 754×576p thermal image resolution, 8-12 μm spectral range, NETp of 70 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 20,000m and an automatic target tracking range up to 5000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 10,500m and NFOV identification up to 2500m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 6000m with NFOV recognition up to 2000m and FHD TV sight with an 1316×480p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 5000m and day time identification range up to 2000m with an integrated eye safe auto adjusting Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 7500m with an average ranging error of 0.3% at 7500m. TKN-3MK multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an angular FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an angular FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a periscopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 30% at 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GKU xenon arc IR spotlight with a 2++ Generation image intensifier with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 900m and active detection range of 1400m in 0.001 lux conditions and an active identification range of tank sized targets up to 800m and passive identification range up to 600m in 0.001 lux conditions and up to 800m in 0.01 lux. TPD-K1M4 back up day time optical sight for gunner. 2× TNPO-160 and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscopes for commander, TNP-165A and TNPA-65 day time periscopes for gunner and TNPO-168V and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscope for driver with option for TVK-2 3rd Generation image intensifier with a max range of 250m in passive mode and 400m in active in 0.001 lux conditions)
(B3M model adds 2× TKV-1-65 480p day time TV sights for drivers with integrated LLLTV channel with minimum 0.003 lux required each with an FOV of 96°)
(Obr 14 model had PK-PAN panoramic 2× axis independently stabilised multi-channel fully digital 2nd Generation CITV)
(B3M2 model adds PNM-U gunners primary day/night sight with a fully digital telescopic electro optic with a VSU-12 LCD display for gunner and commander with a day time WFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 12.5°×10° and NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 1°×0.5° with a night time WFOV optical magnification with an FOV of 9°×6.75°, NFOV optical magnification with a FOV of 3°×2.25° and NFOV electro optical magnification with a FOV of 1.5°×1.12° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 14° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.1 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/6 deg/s with an auto track channel utilising Sodema 2nd Generation FLIR system utilising a FEM10M matrix with a 288x4 FPA format, 754×576p thermal image resolution, 8-12 μm spectral range, pixel pitch of 30 μm, NETp of 70 mK and 50 Hz refresh rate enabling a max range of 20,000m and an automatic target tracking range up to 5000m, NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 10,500m and NFOV identification up to 2500m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 6000m with NFOV recognition up to 2000m and FHD TV sight with an 1316×480p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 5000m and day time identification range up to 2000m with an integrated eye safe auto adjusting Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 7500m with an average ranging error of 0.3% at 7500m. TKN-3MKT commanders primary day/night sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with a day time 4x optical magnification with a angular FOV of 12° and 8× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 5° with a night time 2× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 12° and 4× optical magnification with a angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -5°/+15° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.12 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/30 deg/s utilising 2nd generation FLIR with a 640x480 microbolometer and thermal image resolution with a NFOV detection of tank sized targets up to 2500m with a NFOV identification range up to 800m with NFOV detection of infantry up to 1000m and NFOV recognition up to 600m and HD TV sight with an 800×600p day time TV resolution with max day time detection of tank sized targets up to 3000m and day time identification range up to 2000m)
Weapons Systems: 2A26M2 1st Generation 125mm smoothbore gun with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. NSVT 12.7×108mm Anti Aircraft Gun. PKT 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s.
3BK14 2nd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.5 kg explosive filling utilising a shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh40 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s enabling 400-500mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 200-220mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 2 km.
3BM15 2nd Generation sabot utilising maraging steel tungsten plug APFSDS-T with a 430mm sabot size and L/D of 10:1 utilising a 3 kg penetrator using the 4Zh40 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1780 m/s and a muzzle energy of 6 m/j with 350-400mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 140-190mm at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 2 km.
3OF19 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.1 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh40 propellant charge creating up to 400 fragments enabling 20-50mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 100mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 700-800 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 7m² with an effective firing range up to 3 km with a max firing range up to 5 km.
7BZ3 7.62×54mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 810 m/s enabling a 6mm to 9mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 200 to 800m
7BZ1 12.7×108mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 818 m/s enabling a 7mm to 25mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 3mm to 20mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 100 to 800m
A models add 2A46 2nd Generation 125mm smoothbore gun with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. NSVT 12.7×108mm Anti Aircraft Gun. PKTM 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s.
3BM26 Nadezhda-R 2+ Generation sabot utilising maraging steel tungsten core APFSDS-T with a 400mm sabot size and L/D of 11:1 utilising a 4.5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1750 m/s and a muzzle energy of 8 m/j with 400-500mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 180-220mm at 60° LOS with an effective firing range of 2 km.
3BM29 Nadphil-2 2+ Generation sabot utilising maraging steel DU core APFSDS-T with a 450mm sabot size and L/D of 12:1 utilising a 5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 400-520mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 200-250mm at 60° LOS with an effective firing range of 2 km.
3BK21 Ankyer-4 2nd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.6 kg explosive filling utilising a shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s enabling 600-700mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 250-300mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3 km.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh52 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 4 km with a max firing range up to 7 km.
7BZ3 7.62×54mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 810 m/s enabling a 6mm to 9mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 200 to 800m
7BZ1 12.7×108mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 818 m/s enabling a 7mm to 25mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 3mm to 20mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 100 to 800m
B models add 2A46M 2nd Generation 125mm smoothbore gun with a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. NSVT 12.7×108mm anti aircraft gun. 9K120 3rd Generation GLATGM with ground engagement up to 4000m with a max ground target velocity of 90 kph and max aerial target velocity of 300 kph up to 4000m with an altitude of 500m with a horizontal gun laying of 360° and vertical gun laying of -6°/+14°. PKTM 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s.
3BM32 Vant 3rd Generation sabot utilising DU APFSDS-T with a 380mm sabot size and L/D of 17:1 utilising a 5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 400-560mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 220-270mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM42 Mango 3rd Generation sabot utilising tungsten APFSDS-T with a 520mm sabot size and L/D of 17:1 utilising a 5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1720 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 500-640mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 230-280mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BK29 Breyk 3rd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.8 kg explosive filling utilising a tandem shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 920 m/s enabling 800-1000mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 300-400mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range of 3 km.
3UBK14 Svir 3rd Generation ATGM using the 9Kh949 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 350 m/s utilising a laser guided SACLOS HEAT with 700-800mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 300-350mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 4 km.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh40 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 4 km with a max firing range up to 7 km.
7BZ3 7.62×54mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 810 m/s enabling a 6mm to 9mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 200 to 800m
7BZ1 12.7×108mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 818 m/s enabling a 7mm to 25mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 3mm to 20mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 100 to 800m
Ammo Storage: 22x tank rounds in autoloader with 23x tank rounds stowed in the hull. 750x 12.7×108mm rounds. 2,000x 7.62×54mmR rounds
BA, B3 and BM model adds 2A46M-2 3rd Generation 125mm electroplated chromium smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the AZ-184A fully digital electromechanical autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 260-310 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising fully digital barrel sensors with a notched based static MRS enabling an MPa of 550-640, EFC barrel life of 450 rounds for APFSDS and 2000 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 1200 with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. NSVT 12.7×108mm Anti Aircraft Gun. 9K119 3rd Generation GLATGM FCS with a 9S813 semi automatic laser correction guidance system with ground engagement up to 5000m with a max ground target velocity of 90 kph and max aerial target velocity of 300 kph up to 5000m with an altitude of 500m with a horizontal gun laying of 360° and vertical gun laying of -6°/+11°. PKTM 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s.
3BM48 Svinets 4th Generation sabot utilising DU APFSDS-T with a 550mm sabot size and L/D of 21:1 utilising a 4 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7.4 m/j with 600-750mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 280-320mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM42-2 Mango-2 4th Generation sabot utilising tungsten APFSDS-T with a 550mm sabot size and L/D of 26:1 utilising a 4 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1720 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 550-700mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 280-300mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BK29M Breyk-M 3rd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.8 kg explosive filling utilising a tandem shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 920 m/s enabling 900-1100mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 450-550mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3 km.
3UBK20 Refleks 3rd Generation ATGM using the 9Kh949 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 350 m/s utilising a laser guided SACLOS tandem shaped HEAT with 800-1000mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 450-500mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 5 km.
3Sh7 Voron Anti Personnel Canister with up to 2000 tungsten flechettes with an effective firing range up to 500m and a max firing range up to 1.2 km.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh40 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 7.5 km
3BM60 Svinets-2 4+ Generation sabot utilising tungsten APFSDS with a 640mm sabot size and L/D of 28:1 utilising a 5.1 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1660 m/s and a muzzle energy of 12 m/j with 630-800mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 300-400mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM59 Svinets-1 4+ Generation sabot utilising DU APFSDS with a 685mm sabot size and L/D of 29:1 utilising a 5.5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh96 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1660 m/s and a muzzle energy of 12 m/j with 660-900mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 330-450mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BK29M Breyk-M 3rd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.8 kg explosive filling utilising a tandem shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 920 m/s enabling 900-1100mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 450-550mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3 km.
3UBK20M1 Invar-M1 3rd Generation ATGM using the 9Kh949 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 350 m/s utilising a laser guided ACLOS tandem shaped HEAT with 900-1100mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 500-550mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 5 km and up to 7 km with delayed fuse.
3Sh8 Ainet Anti Personnel Canister with up to 4700 tungsten flechettes with an effective firing range up to 900m and a max firing range up to 2 km.
7N34 12.7×108mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 785 m/s enabling a 30mm max penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 24mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range of 2000m
7N13 7.62×54mm maraging steel AP round with a muzzle velocity of 716 m/s enabling a 10mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 800m
Engine and Transmission: V-46-4 diesel engine with 780 hp with a power to weight ratio of 17 hp/tonne and manual transmission with torsion bar suspension. 4× 6STEN-140M lead acid batteries with a power output of 7.56 kWh and discharge time of 252-280 amp/hours.
(B models add a V-84 diesel 840hp engine with a manual transmission and torsion bar suspension. 4× 12ST-85R lead acid batteries with a power output of 9.18 kWh and discharge time of 320-340 amp/hours)
(BA and BM model adds V-92S2 turbocharged diesel 1000hp engine with a manual transmission and torsion bar suspension)
(B3M models add V-92S2F 1130 hp turbocharged DECU diesel engine. electronic throttle control driving controls and digitally assisted automatic transmission with torsion bar suspension)
Command & Control Systems: Magnolia solid state communication complex with the R-123 2nd Generation solid state VHF/HF radio enabling a communication range of 13 km moving and 20 km stationary with 4 preset channels with the R-124 solid state intercom with 4 subscribers and the T-219 secure voice encryption system. GPK-21 mechanical gyrocompass. MPB tank azimuth indicator.
(Command models add Dahlia-U solid state communication complex with the R-130 2nd Generation solid state VHF/HF radio with a C2 system enabling a communication range of 40 km moving and 350 km stationary with 4 preset channels with the R-124 solid state intercom with 10×4 subscribers and the T-219 secure voice encryption system utilising radio communication control with voice formats displayed. TNA-2 analogue navigation system with MK-2 mechanical inertial navigation system, 1G9 mechanical gyrocompass and 1T20 analogue course plotting system utilising an physical map display)
(B models add Paragraph-R digital communication complex with the R-173-16 3rd Generation digital VHF radio enabling a communication range of 20 km moving and 40 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 10 channels and data transfer speeds of 1.2 kbit/s, 10 kbit/s and 16 kbit/s with the R-174 digital intercom with 4 subscribers with the R-173P digital display utilising radio communication control with voice formats displayed. GPK-59 electromechanical gyrocompass)
(B Command models add Crossbow-50K digital communication complex with the R-163-50K 3rd Generation digital VHF radio with SATCOMS enabling a communication range of 90 km moving and 350 km stationary and unlimited range with satellite link with digital data encryption operating on 16 channels with data transfer speeds of 1.2 kbit/s, 10 kbit/s and 16 kbit/s with the R-174 digital intercom with 10×4 subscribers with the R-163-UP digital display utilising radio communication control, squads unit link, digital information display with text and voice formats displayed. TNA-3 electronic navigation suite with MAYAK electromechanical inertial navigation system utilising 1T25 electronic course plotting system utilising an electromechanical navigation display with KP-2M1 surveyor system and 1G11 electromechanical gyrocompass)
(BA model adds KSS-72 fully digital communication complex with the R-168-5UV 4th Generation fully digital VHF/UHF radio enabling a communication range of 20 km moving and 60 km stationary and unlimited range with satellite link with 100 frequency hops per second on 8 programmable channels using up to 256 frequency carriers utilising the Aqueduct FHSS waveform with 100 frequency hops per second with data transfer speeds of 16 kbit/s, 5 mbit/s and 11 mbit/s utilising the R-168UP fully digital receiver connected to the AVSK-2U C2 and intercom system with 10×4 subscribers with GLONASS communication integration utilising radio communication control, C2 integration, squads unit link, multi platform subscription and digital information displayed with text, image and voice formats utilised)
(B3 models and BM adds KSS-72 fully digital communication complex with the R-168-25UE-2 4th Generation fully digital VHF/UHF radio enabling a communication range of 30 km moving and 60 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 8 programmable channels and 256 frequency carriers utilising the Aqueduct FHSS waveform with 100 frequency hops per second with data transfer speeds of 16 kbit/s, 5 mbit/s and 11 mbit/s utilising the R-168-PU2 digital display connected to the Kavkaz-EASS digital C3I radio communication network and the AVSK-2U C2 and intercom system with 10×4 subscribers with GLONASS communication integration utilising radio communication control, C2 integration, squads unit link, multi platform subscription and digital information displayed with text, image and voice formats utilised with optional UNKV-E tablet utilising a Sozvezdie-2M C2IS suite linked to the PTK blue force tracking network with squads level blue force tracking software, moving map display, precision targeting, weapons management software, data sharing and basic C2 software with NPI-2 GLONASS receiver utilising GLONASS-M fully digital global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 2m and average CEP of 10m)
(B3M adds DKMV drivers independent management system with vehicle health system, navigation software, CBRN operation, firefighting systems and engine monitoring system with digital INS)
(B3M2 model adds GALS-D2M C4 system with a digital display utilising Akatsiya-M C2ISR suite with an integrated vehicle health management system linked to the PTK blue force tracking network with section to platoon level blue force tracking software, surrounding land formation intelligence, digital navigation, moving map display, precision targeting, vehicle health management and health software, vehicle weapons management software, reconnaissance software, data sharing and C2 software with GLONASS-K Global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 60cm and average CEP of 3m. OSNOD fully digital tactical data link)
Counter Measures: TDA 1st Generation Soft kill APS with diesel engine exhaust smoke generator discharging laser and optical obscuring smoke. 3ETs11-2 solid state electronic automatic fire suppression system with a maximum reaction time of <5 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 80 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 250 ms. GO-17 analogue electronic CBRN protection system with overpressure system and air filtering ventilation. 3× DV-3 5W fans for cool air circulation with an operating temperature from 20 to 25°C.
(A model adds Tucha-902A 1st Generation Soft Kill APS with 12× smoke dischargers firing the 3D6 laser and optical obscuring smoke effective in the 0.4-1.56 μm spectral range that can create a concealment zone that is 10-30m in width and 3-10m in height with a launch range of 250 to 300m with full coverage reached in 10 to 20 seconds with a concealment time of 60 to 90 second. 3× DV-3 5W fans for cool air circulation with an operating temperature from 20 to 25°C)
(B model adds GO-27 solid state electronic CBRN protection system with overpressure system, antiradiation lining and air filtering ventilation with gamma ray detection rates of 0.2 to 150 rads p/h with threat identification and automatic response with system response to chemical and biological threats in 40s, radioactivity threats in 10s and gamma ray bursts in 0.1s with size of biological threats detected from 3 to 8 μm with an operating temperature of ±50°. Podboi/Nadboi Spall liners. Tucha-902B 1st Generation Soft Kill APS with 8× smoke dischargers firing the 3D6M infrared, laser and optical obscuring smoke grenades effective in the 0.4-14 μm spectral range that can create a concealment zone that is 10-30m in width and 3-10m in height with a launch range of 250 to 300m with full coverage reached in 10 to 15 seconds with a concealment time of 50 to 60 seconds)
(B3 models adds Tucha-902B 1st Generation Soft Kill APS with 12× smoke dischargers firing the 3D17 infrared, laser and optical obscuring smoke grenades effective in the 0.4-14 μm spectral range that can create a concealment zone that is 10-15m in width and 10m in height with a launch range of 75 to 90m with full coverage reached in 3 to 5 seconds with a concealment time of 15 to 20 seconds. Optional Nakidka stealth system for up to 30% reduction in IIR detectability and an RCS reduction up to -10 dB. Slat armour on the engine compartment. 3ETs13-1 Iney-M digital automatic explosion suppression system with an anti deflagration suppressor with a maximum reaction time of <2 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 20 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 200 ms. PKUZ-1A digital CBRN protection system with overpressure system, antiradiation lining and air filtering ventilation with a radiation detection range of 0.66 to 1.25 MeV with gamma ray detection rates of 0.1 to 500 rads p/h with threat identification and automatic response with system response to chemical and biological threats in 10s, radioactivity threats in 3s and gamma ray bursts in 0.1s with size of biological threats detected from 2 to 10 μm with an operating temperature of ±60°. 6B15 spall vest for crew. Aramid spall liners)
(BM and B3M2 model adds self protection complex with roof cage armour and slat armour with the RP-377UVM1L ECM system providing a 360° self protection jamming envelope in azimuth and elevation and an active jamming range up to 600m. 6B48 spall vest for crew)
(B3M2 adds KTE-VT-1.6-27-02 air conditioning system with an operating temperature range of ±60°C)
(B3MA model adds T09-A6 Arena-M 3rd Generation Hard Kill APS with 12× APS rounds with 8× Pulse doppler MAW sensors enabling a 360° protection range in azimuth and elevation with a projectile detection range up to 100m and a projectile engagement range up to 1.5m with max target velocity up to 1000 m/s and reaction time of 0.001 seconds)
Armour: 80-105-20 1st Generation composite armour
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 550-750mm vs CE and 350-550mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 100-200mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 10-50mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Turret roof 60-120mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 50-80mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 200-300mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 500-700mm vs CE and 300-500mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 100-200mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 50-100mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Hull sides 100-200mm Vs CE at 0° and 50-100mm vs KEP at 0° RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 900-1200mm vs CE and 480-710mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 200-300mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 600-1000mm vs CE and 130-260mm vs KEP.
Turret roof 60-100mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 10-50mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 360-600mm vs CE and 40-110mm vs KEP.
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1000-1400mm vs CE and 530-760mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 900-1200mm vs CE and 430-660mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 500-800mm vs CE and 130-260mm vs KEP.
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1150-1450mm vs CE and 650-950mm vs KEP.
Turret roof 100-200mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 50-100mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-800mm vs CE and 250-400mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 200-300mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1200-1500mm vs CE and 700-1010mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-1000mm vs CE and 230-460mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 300-500mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-5 that adds 500-600mm vs CE and 200-300mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 800-1100mm vs CE and 300-500mm vs KEP.
B3M adds Relikt 3rd Generation ERA and 4S24M 1st Generation ERA.
Turret sides 800-1000mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 400-600mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + 2× layers of Relikt that adds 1200-1400mm vs CE and 600-800mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1900-2100mm vs CE and 1100-1500mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-1000mm vs CE and 230-460mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Relikt that adds 600-700mm vs CE and 300-400mm vs KEP + 4S24M that adds 400-500mm vs CE and 40-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 1200-1500mm vs CE and 440-660mm vs KEP.
Export Models
T-72M-E6
T-72M1
T-72M2
T-72 SIM-1
T-72M4-CZ
T-72 TURMS
T-72KZ
T-64
Prototype: 1960
Produced: 1963
Service: 1964
Generation: 2nd
Combat Rank: D
Number Made: 400+
T-64A
Prototype: 1966
Produced: 1969
Service: 1970
Generation: 2nd
Combat Rank: C
Number Made: 3000+
T-64AM
Prototype: 1979
Produced: 1980
Service: 1981
Generation: 2.5
Combat Rank: C
Number Made: 1000+
T-64B
Prototype: 1973
Production: 1975
Service: 1976
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: A
Number Made: 8000+
T-64BV
Prototype: 1984
Production: 1985
Service: 1986
Generation: 3rd
Combat Rank: S
Number Made: 3000+
Fire control system: TPD-64 electromechanical FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, independent sight stabilisation, basic hunter killer system, manual target lead, semi automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation and automated range compensation with steering angle, target range, target speed, vehicle speed and gun tracking automatically accounted for mechanically with ammunition type, atmospheric pressure/altitude, air temperature, shot charge temperature and barrel wear manually accounted for mechanically with the T2S electronic ballistic calculation system utilising the 1V29 electromechanical arithmometer enabling automatic gun superelevation and automated range compensation with a target correction enabled in 3 seconds with a max superelevation angle of -2 mils to +30 mils and Delta-D up to 4000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 4000m, max target velocity of 32 kph with a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 200m. Automated fire control components are the RKN-4 electronic shot control unit with max gun tracking of 342 mils/s in azimuth and 78.5 mils/s in elevation, TG-25 course angle sensor with a potentiometer with an accuracy of ±1°, SP-110 vehicle speed sensor with a tachogenerator with a tracked speed of 20 kph, TE-3B gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±15%, 2A21 115mm smoothbore gun with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the 6ETs10 hydromechanical autoloader with a recoiling force of 2000-2600 kg and recoil stroke of 300-370 mm and a barrel rigidity of 370 kgf/cm enabling an MPa of 300-360, EFC barrel life of 100 rounds for APFSDS and 500 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 400 and the Siren analogue electronic gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E18 hydroelectric gun and turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 19.6 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 22 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -5°/+14 at 4.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+14° at 6 deg/s with precision movements of 1.2 mils/s in azimuth and 1.2 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 22 kph with a stabilisation moment of 1860 Nm and stiffness of 637 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 3 mils in azimuth and 1 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 0.1 to 0.5 mils with a gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+14° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the nomogram display for barrel wear, air temperature, shot charge temperature and atmospheric pressure differentials, Sight integrated manual lateral lead generation system with a max lead angle of ±8 mils, ZU-610 ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS and APFSDS-T, TPD-1 ballistic computer with ammunition type and target range manually adjustable and the Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the 1G6 gunners primary day sight with a monocular periscopic optic with a 1ETs15 gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation at 20 kph and minimum/maximum and stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s with an integrated TPD-43B split-image coincidence rangefinder with a back up stereoscopic system enabling an accuracy of ±25m at 1 km, TPN-1-43-23 gunners primary night sight with a monocular periscopic electro optic with a 2A21 gun parallelogram linkage stabilisation in elevation with a stabilised vertical movement of -4°/+14° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/2 deg/s and the TKN-3 commanders primary day/night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a cupola linked rotation stabilisation in azimuth with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° and minimum/maximum sight movements of 0.05/30 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate on the move at 20 kph vs targets moving at 35 kph up to 4000m with an accuracy of <1. 1800m at <0.6-0.8 MRAD, <0.3-0.5 MRAD at 1000m and <0.1 MRAD at 200m.
(A model adds 2A26 125mm smoothbore gun with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the 6ETs12 hydroelectric autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg and recoil stroke of 270-340 mm enabling an MPa of 400-500, EFC barrel life of 100 rounds for APFSDS and 1000 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 600, TPD-2 split-image coincidence rangefinder and the Siren-IV analogue electronic gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E23 hydromechanical gun and turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 18 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 22 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -5°/+14 at 3.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+14° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 1.2 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 35 kph with a stabilisation moment of 1900 Nm and stiffness of 640 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 2 mils in azimuth and 0.8 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 0.75 to 1.5 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+14° in elevation and 360° in azimuth)
(1972 A model adds 2A46-1 125mm smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the 6ETs15 hydroelectric autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 270-340 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising analogue barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 500-550, EFC barrel life of 200 rounds for APFSDS and 1200 rounds for HE with an EFC average of 800)
(AM model adds 1A40 TPD-64 digitised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, independent sight stabilisation, basic hunter killer system, semi automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation and automated range compensation with steering angle, target range, target speed, vehicle speed, target tracking and gun tracking automatically accounted for mechanically with ammunition type, atmospheric pressure/altitude, air temperature, shot charge temperature and barrel wear manually accounted for mechanically with the UVBU/T2S digitised ballistic calculation system utilising a digital computer with lateral lead generation and the 1V29 electromechanical arithmometer enabling automatic gun superelevation and automated range compensation with a target correction enabled in 1.5 to 3 seconds with a max superelevation angle of -2 mils to +30 mils, max lead angle of ±32 mils and Delta-D up to 4000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 4000m, max target velocity of 65 kph with a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 500m. Automated fire control components are the KN214 digital shot resolution device with horizontal and vertical target tracking with max target tracking up to ±20 mils/s in azimuth and ±10 mils/s in elevation with an angular tracking rate of 1 deg/s with an accuracy of 0.6 mils in azimuth and 0.3 mils in elevation with max gun tracking of 418.8 mils/s in azimuth and 113.4 mils/s in elevation, TG-25 course angle sensor with a potentiometer with an accuracy of ±1°, 2E42 gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+15° in elevation and 360° in azimuth, SP-110 vehicle speed sensor with a speedometer with a tracked speed of 20 kph, TE-4B gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±10% and the Sireneviy solid state gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E28M2 gun and turret hydroelectric stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 20 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 22 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -5°/+14 at 4.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+14° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 1.2 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 35 kph with a stabilisation moment of 1900 Nm and stiffness of 640 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 2 mils in azimuth and 0.8 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 0.75 to 1.5 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+14° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the nomogram display for air temperature, shot charge temperature and atmospheric pressure differentials, UVP ammo selection utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM, TPD-2 ballistic computer with ammunition type and target range manually adjustable and the Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the TPD-K1M gunners primary day sight with a digitally assisted periscopic optic with a 1ETs20M gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation at 20 kph and minimum/maximum and stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s with an integrated 1:06 μm wavelength Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a range gate of 500 to 4000m with an accuracy of ±15m, TPN-3-49 gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a 2A46-1 gun parallelogram linkage stabilisation in elevation with a stabilised vertical movement of -6°/+14° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/2 deg/s and the TKN-3 commanders primary day/night sight with a periscopic electro optic with a cupola linked rotation stabilisation in azimuth with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° and minimum/maximum sight movements of 0.05/30 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate on move at 20 kph vs targets moving at 65 kph up to 4000m with an accuracy of 0.5-0.8 MRAD, 2000m with an accuracy of 0.3-0.5 MRAD and 500m with an accuracy of 0.1 MRAD)
(Prototype B models used SLA computerised FCS with with the TBV electronic ballistic calculator utilising a 1V59 digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated Delta-D and automatic gun superelevation with a target correction enabled in 1 second)
(B model adds 1A33 ObSUO computerised FCS with 2× axis gun stabilisation, 2× axis independent sight stabilisation, basic hunter killer system, automatic target lead, automatic rangefinding, automatic gun superelevation, automated range compensation and gun launched missile coursing with steering angle, heading, gun tracking, target tracking, target speed, gun jump, shot velocity, cross wind, target range, acceleration, vehicle speed, cant and parallax automatically accounted for digitally with ammunition type, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, projectile filler deviation and atmospheric pressure/altitude manually accounted for digitally. Automated fire control components are the 1A34 computerised ballistic calculation system utilising a 1V517 8x bit digital computer with lateral lead generation, automated range compensation and automatic gun superelevation with a target correction enabled in 1 second with a max lead angle of ±35 mils, max superelevation angle of -5 mils to +50 mils and Delta-D up to 4000m with a max ballistic calculation up to 4000m and a max target velocity of 75 kph with a ballistic calculation accuracy of 0.1 mils up to 1000m, 1G43 digital shot resolution device with horizontal and vertical target tracking with max target tracking up to ±50 mils/s in azimuth and ±20 mils/s in elevation with an angular tracking rate of 3.5 deg/s with an accuracy of 0.4 mils in azimuth and 0.2 mils elevation, parallax with target velocity relative to gun in the horizontal plane is 180 arcmin/s and gun jump correction up to ±5 mils for each ammunition type with max gun tracking of 349 mils/s in azimuth and 78.5 mils/s in elevation, 1B10 course angle sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5°, 1B11 wind vane anemometer with a max cross wind speed of 25 m/s, 1B14 cant sensor with a max roll rate of ±15° and angular accuracy of 0.15°, 1G10 gyroscopic tachometer with an accuracy of ±1%, 1G30 heading sensor with an accuracy of ±5°, 2A46-2 125mm smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the 6ETs40 hydroelectric autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg and recoil stroke of 270-340 mm utilising digital barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 400-550, EFC barrel life of 200 rounds for APFSDS and 1200 rounds for HE with an average of 800, 9K112 GLATGM with a 90461 semi automatic radio correction guidance system, MI-15 linear acceleration sensor with an accuracy of 2%, ME-301 vehicle speed sensor with a tachogenerator with a max tracked speed of 30 kph and the Sky solid state gyroscopic force stabilisation system with the 2E26M electrohydraulic gun and turret stabiliser with a stabilised turret traverse of 360° at 20 deg/s and unstabilised traverse of 24 deg/s with a stabilised gun elevation of -5°/+14 at 4.5 deg/s and unstabilised elevation of -6°/+14° at 8.5 deg/s with precision movements of 0.8 mils/s in azimuth and 0.8 mils/s in elevation with a max stabilised tank speed of 35 kph with a stabilisation moment of 1900 Nm and stiffness of 640 Nm/mil with a stabilisation error of 0.8 mils in azimuth and 0.5 mils in elevation with muzzle deviation allowance from 0.75 to 1.5 mils with integrated gun position sensor with tracked gun movements of -6°/+14° in elevation and 360° in azimuth. Manual fire control components are the 1B12 analogue glass thermometer with an operating temperature range of ±50°C, 1B15 gauge pressure sensor and barometric altitude sensor with an operating atmospheric pressure range between 460-900 mmHg and an operating altitude of -1.4/+4 km, TV-115 bore gauge with a max tracked bore wear of ±5°, 1U13 barrel gauge with tracked deviation of projectile filler being ±10%, UVP ammo selection system utilising HEAT-FS, HE-FRAG-FS, APFSDS-T and GLATGM, BV-64 ballistic computer with atmospheric pressure, projectile filler deviation, air temperature, shot charge temperature, barrel wear, target velocity and target range adjustable with potentiometers and the Kristall Commander's Override system with a TKN-3 independent panoramic hunter killer sight utilising horizontal turret traverse with sight movements at 30 deg/s. Sighting complexes are the 1G42 gunners primary day sight with a digital monocular periscopic electro optic with a 1ETs40 gyrostabilized mirror stabilisation in azimuth and elevation with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation at 25 kph and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s with an integrated IVI-1D 1:06 μm wavelength Nd:YAG optical quantum rangefinder with a range gate of 300 to 5000m with an accuracy of ±10m, resolution of <20m, 50m discrimination of 2 targets with a 1.5 MRAD receiver FOV and 10-20 Ns pulse duration, TPN-1M-49 gunners primary night sight with a monocular periscopic electro optic with a 2A46-2 gun parallelogram linkage stabilisation in elevation with a stabilised vertical movement of -6°/+16° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 0° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/2 deg/s and the TKN-3V commanders primary day/night sight with a binocular periscopic electro optic with a cupola linked rotation stabilisation in azimuth with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° and minimum/maximum sight movements of 0.05/30 deg/s. Fire Control accuracy is a 1st hit rate accuracy moving at 30 kph vs targets moving at 75 kph at 4000m with an accuracy of <0.4-0.7 MRAD and <0.2-0.4 MRAD at 2000m and <0.1 MRAD at 1000m)
(BV model added 1A33-1 ObSUO computerised FCS with a 1V517M 16x bit digital ballistic computer and a 2E42 2× axis stabilisation)
Targeting Systems: 1G6 gunners primary day sight with a periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -10°/+20° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 10° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation with stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range for tank sized targets up to 5000m and an integrated TPD-43B split-image coincidence rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 5% at 4000m. TPN-1-43 gunners primary night sight with an periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° with a gun dependent stabilised vertical movement of -6°/+16° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 8° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.07/2 deg/s utilising the Luna-2 incandescent IR spotlight with a 1st Generation image intensifier using an S-1 photocathode with a resolution of 20 lp/mm, sensitivity of 100 μA/lm, SNR of 12 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of 600m and passive identification range of 400m with an active detection range of 1000m and active identification range of 800m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m. TKN-3 multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an angular FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an angular FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a periscopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3G incandescent IR spotlight with a Generation 0 image intensifier with a active detection range of 800m in 0.01 lux conditions and an active identification range of tank sized targets up to 400m. TNPO-160 and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscopes for commander, TNP-165A and TNPA-65 day time periscopes for gunner and TNPO-168V and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscope for driver with option for TVNE-1P Generation 0 image intensifier with a max range of 30m in active in 0.01 lux conditions.
(Prototype A model adds 1G15 gunners primary day sight with a periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation with stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range for tank sized targets up to 5000m and an integrated TPD-2 split-image coincidence rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 4.5% at 4000m)
(Production A model adds 1G15-1 gunners primary day sight with a periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 5000m and an integrated TPD-2-1 split-image coincidence rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 4.5% at 4000m. TKN-3M multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an angular FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an angular FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a telescopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 3000m with an average ranging error of 30% at 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GA2 incandescent IR spotlight with a 1++ Generation image intensifier with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 800m and active detection range of 1200m in 0.005 lux conditions and an active identification range of tank sized targets up to 800m and passive identification range up to 500m in 0.005 lux conditions and up to 700m in 0.01 lux. PZU-5 Anti Aircraft sight with max engagement ranges up to 2000m. 2× TNPO-160 and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscopes for commander, TNP-165A and TNPA-65 day time periscopes for gunner and TNPO-168V and 2× TNPA-65A day time periscope for driver with option for TVNO-2B 1st Generation image intensifier with a max range of 60m in passive mode and 100m in active in 0.005 lux conditions)
(1972> A models used 1G15-2 gunners primary day sight with a periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.3 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated TPD-2-49 split-image coincidence rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 3% at 4000m. TPN-1-49-23 gunners primary night sight with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° utilising the Luna-2 incandescent IR spotlight with a Karmin-PA 1+ Generation image intensifier using an S-1 photocathode with a resolution of 28 lp/mm, sensitivity of 200 μA/lm, SNR of 18 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 700m and passive identification range up to 500m with an active detection range of 1200m and active identification range of 800m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m)
(AM models TPD-K1M gunners primary day sight with a digitally assisted periscopic optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 72° and 8× with an angular FOV of 9° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+25° and unstabilised horizontal movement of 12° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3.5 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 4000m. TPN-3-49 gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° utilising the Luna-4A xenon arc IR spotlight with a Kristall-PA 1++ Generation image intensifier using an S-20 photocathode with a resolution of 45 lp/mm, sensitivity of 300 μA/lm, SNR of 25 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1200m and passive identification range up to 800m with an active detection range of 2000m and active identification range of 1300m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m)
(Prototype B models used 1G21 gunners primary day sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with a wide optical magnification of 2.7× with a angular FOV of 54° and a narrow optical magnification of 12× with a angular FOV of 4.5° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 5000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 4000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 4000m)
(Production B models add 1G42 gunners primary day sight with a digital periscopic electro optic with a wide optical magnification of 2.7× with a angular FOV of 54° and a narrow optical magnification of 12× with a angular FOV of 4.5° with an independent stabilised vertical movement of -15°/+20° and independent stabilised horizontal movement of 16° with a moving stabilisation accuracy of 0.2 mils in azimuth/elevation and minimum/maximum stabilised sight movements of 0.05/3 deg/s utilising a day time telescopic optical sight with a day time identification range up to 6000m and an integrated Nd:YAG laser rangefinder with a max engagement range up to 5000m with an average ranging error of 0.5% at 5000m. TPN-1M-49-23 gunners primary night sight with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° utilising the Luna-2 incandescent IR spotlight with a Karmin-PA 1st Generation image intensifier using an S-1 photocathode with a resolution of 28 lp/mm, sensitivity of 200 μA/lm, SNR of 18 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 800m and passive identification range up to 600m with an active detection range of 1200m and active identification range of 800m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m. TKN-3V multi-channel commanders primary day/night sight with a day channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 50° and 5× with an FOV of 6° with night channel optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 4.2× with an FOV of 12° with an unstabilised vertical movement of -8°/+12° and turret dependent stabilised horizontal movement of 360° with a telescopic optical sight enabling day time identification of tank sized targets up to 3000m with an integrated night sight using an OU-3GA2 incandescent IR spotlight with a 1+ Generation image intensifier with minimum 0.005 lux conditions required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 600m and passive identification range up to 500m with an active detection range of 1200m and active identification range of 800m)
(1978 B and BV model adds TPN-3-49 gunners primary night sight with a periscopic electro optic with an optical magnification of 1× with an angular FOV of 33° and 5.5× with an angular FOV of 6° utilising the Luna-4A xenon arc IR spotlight with a Kristall-PA 1++ Generation image intensifier using an S-20 photocathode with a resolution of 45 lp/mm, sensitivity of 300 μA/lm, SNR of 25 and power output of 18 kV and minimum 0.005 lux required with a passive detection range of tank sized targets up to 1200m and passive identification range up to 800m with an active detection range of 2000m and active identification range of 1300m with an integrated stadiametric rangefinder with max engagement ranges up to 2200m with an average ranging error of 7-12% at 2200m)
Engine and Transmission: 5TDF 700 hp diesel engine. manual transmission and torsion bar suspension. 4× 6STEN-140M lead acid batteries with a power output of 7.56 kWh and discharge time of 252-280 amp/hours.
(B and AM model adds 6TD 1000 hp diesel engine. manual transmission and torsion bar suspension)
Command & Control Systems: R-113 1st Generation analogue electronic radio with a communication range of 10 km moving and 20 km stationary. GPK-21 mechanical gyrocompass. R-114 analogue electronic intercom. MPB tank azimuth indicator.
(Command models add TNA-2 analogue navigation system with MK-2 mechanical inertial navigation system, 1G9 mechanical gyrocompass and 1T20 analogue course plotting system utilising an physical map display)
(A model adds Magnolia solid state communication complex with the R-123 2nd Generation solid state VHF/HF radio enabling a communication range of 13 km moving and 20 km stationary with 4 preset channels with the R-124 solid state intercom with 4 subscribers and the T-219 secure voice encryption system. GPK-48 mechanical gyrocompas)
(A Command models add TNA-2 analogue navigation system with MK-2 mechanical inertial navigation system, 1G9 mechanical gyrocompass and 1T20 analogue course plotting system utilising an physical map display. Dahlia-U solid state communication complex with the R-130 2nd Generation solid state VHF/HF radio with a C2 system enabling a communication range of 40 km moving and 350 km stationary with 4 preset channels with the R-124 solid state intercom with 10×4 subscribers and the T-219 secure voice encryption system utilising radio communication control with voice formats displayed)
(B Command models add TNA-3 electronic navigation suite with MAYAK electromechanical inertial navigation system utilising 1T25 electronic course plotting system utilising an electromechanical navigation display with KP-2M1 surveyor system and 1G11 electromechanical gyrocompass)
(BV model adds Paragraph-R digital communication complex with the R-173-16 3rd Generation digital VHF radio enabling a communication range of 20 km moving and 40 km stationary with digital data encryption operating on 10 channels with data transfer speeds of 1.2 kbit/s, 10 kbit/s and 16 kbit/s with the R-174 digital intercom with 4 subscribers with the R-173P digital display utilising radio communication control with voice formats displayed. GPK-59 electromechanical gyrocompass)
(BV Command models add Crossbow-50K digital communication complex with the R-163-50K 3rd Generation digital VHF radio with SATCOMS enabling a communication range of 90 km moving and 350 km stationary and unlimited range with satellite link with digital data encryption operating on 16 channels with data transfer speeds of 1.2 kbit/s, 10 kbit/s and 16 kbit/s with the R-174 digital intercom with 10×4 subscribers with the R-163-UP digital display utilising radio communication control, squads unit link, digital information display with text and voice formats displayed. TNA-4 fully digital navigation system with 1G50 digital gyrocompass and 1T129 digital surveyor system with fully digital integrated course plotting utilising a polychrome CRT MFD utilising digital navigation software, moving map display and data sharing with a SGK-70 GLONASS Global navigation satellite system with a max CEP of 5m and average CEP of 30m)
Armour: 80-105-20 1st Generation composite armour
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 550-750mm vs CE and 350-550mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 100-300mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 10-50mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Turret roof 60-120mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 50-80mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 200-300mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 500-700mm vs CE and 300-500mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 100-200mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 50-100mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Hull sides 100-200mm Vs CE at 0° and 50-100mm vs KEP at 0° RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Obr. 81 model adds 60-35-30-35-45 2nd Generation composite armour
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 650-850mm vs CE and 450-650mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 300-500mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Turret roof 60-100mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 10-50mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350. Overall effectiveness of armour is 700-900mm vs CE and 500-700mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350
BV model adds Kontakt-1 1st Generation ERA.
Turret cheeks 300-400mm vs CE at 65° LOS and 200-300mm vs KEP at 65° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 950-1250mm vs CE and 480-710mm vs KEP.
Turret sides 300-500mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 600-1000mm vs CE and 130-260mm vs KEP.
Turret roof 60-100mm vs CE at 0° LOS and 10-50mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 360-600mm vs CE and 40-110mm vs KEP.
Upper Hull front 300-400mm vs CE at 68° LOS and 200-300mm Vs KEP at 68° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 950-1250mm vs CE and 450-810mm vs KEP.
Lower Front Hull 200-300mm vs CE at 60° LOS and 100-200mm Vs KEP at 60° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 900-1200mm vs CE and 430-660mm vs KEP.
Hull sides 200-300mm Vs CE at 0° LOS and 100-200mm vs KEP at 0° LOS RHAe with a BHN of ~350 + Kontakt-1 that adds 300-500mm vs CE and 30-60mm vs KEP. Overall effectiveness of armour is 500-800mm vs CE and 130-260mm vs KEP.
Counter Measures: TDA 1st Generation Soft kill APS with diesel engine exhaust smoke generator discharging laser and optical obscuring smoke. Rosa-2 analogue automatic fire suppression system with a maximum reaction time of <7 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 100 ms with an operating temperature range of ±20°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 250 ms. GO-17 analogue electronic CBRN protection system with overpressure system and air filtering ventilation. 3× DV-3 5W fans for cool air circulation with an operating temperature from 20 to 25°C.
(A model adds 3ETs11-2 solid state electronic automatic fire suppression system with a maximum reaction time of <5 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 80 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 250 ms)
(1978 B and AM model adds Tucha-902A 1st Generation Soft Kill APS with 12× smoke dischargers firing the 3D6 laser and optical obscuring smoke effective in the 0.4-1.56 μm spectral range that can create a concealment zone that is 10-30m in width and 3-10m in height with a launch range of 250 to 300m with full coverage reached in 10 to 20 seconds with a concealment time of 60 to 90 seconds)
(B models added 3ETs13 Iney digital automatic explosion suppression system with an anti deflagration suppressor with a maximum reaction time of <2 ms and minimum countermeasure response in 50 ms with an operating temperature range of -40°C/+60°C with full fire extinguished in no less than 250 ms. GO-27 solid state electronic CBRN protection system with overpressure system, antiradiation lining and air filtering ventilation with gamma ray detection rates of 0.2 to 150 rads p/h with threat identification and automatic response with system response to chemical and biological threats in 40s, radioactivity threats in 10s and gamma ray bursts in 0.1s with size of biological threats detected from 3 to 8 μm with an operating temperature of ±50°. Podboi/Nadboi Spall liners)
(BV model adds Tucha-902B 1st Generation Soft Kill APS with 8× smoke dischargers firing the 3D6M infrared, laser and optical obscuring smoke grenades effective in the 0.4-14 μm spectral range that can create a concealment zone that is 10-30m in width and 3-10m in height with a launch range of 250 to 300m with full coverage reached in 10 to 15 seconds with a concealment time of 50 to 60 seconds)
Weapons Systems: 2A21 1st Generation 115mm smoothbore gun with max muzzle velocity of 1650 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. PKT 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s. DShKM 12.7×108mm Anti Aircraft Gun.
3BM6 2nd Generation sabot utilising maraging steel tungsten plug APFSDS-T with a 436mm sabot size and L/D of 15:1 utilising a 4 kg penetrator using the 4Zh22 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1680 m/s and a muzzle energy of 4 m/j with 250-300mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 100-135mm at 60° LOS at 1 km with an effective firing range up to 2 km.
3BK4M 1st Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.5 kg explosive filling utilising a shaped charge with a lead liner using the 4Zh23 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 950 m/s enabling 300-400mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 150-200mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 2000m.
3OF18 HE-FRAG-FS with a 2.7 kg explosive filling using the 4Zh23 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 750 m/s creating creating up to 1000 fragments enabling 10-30mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 700-900 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 5m² with an effective firing range up to 2200m with a max firing range up to 4800m.
Ammo Storage: 24× tank rounds in autoloader with 6x tank rounds stowed in the hull. 2000× 7.62x54mm rounds. 300× 12.7×108mm rounds.
A model adds 2A26 1st Generation 125mm smoothbore gun with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. 6P17 UTES 12.7×108mm electronic RWS with traverse of 115° in azimuth and -5°/+70° in elevation at 30 deg/s. PKTM 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s.
3BM15 2nd Generation sabot utilising maraging steel tungsten plug APFSDS-T with a 430mm sabot size and L/D of 10:1 utilising a 3 kg penetrator using the 4Zh40 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1780 m/s and a muzzle energy of 6 m/j with 350-400mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 140-190mm at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 2 km.
3BK14 2nd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.5 kg explosive filling utilising a shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh40 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s enabling 400-500mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 200-220mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 2 km.
3OF19 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.1 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh40 propellant charge creating up to 400 fragments enabling 20-50mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 100mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 700-800 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 7m² with an effective firing range up to 3 km with a max firing range up to 5 km.
7BZ3 7.62×54mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 810 m/s enabling a 9mm to 6mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 200 to 800m
7BZ1 12.7×108mm maraging steel API round with a muzzle velocity of 818 m/s enabling a 25mm to 7mm penetration of RHAe at 0° LOS and 20mm to 3mm penetration of RHAe at 20° LOS with a BHN of ~350 with an effective firing range up to 100 to 800m
Ammo Storage: 22× tank rounds in autoloader with 6x tank rounds stowed in the hull. 2000× 7.62x54mm rounds. 300× 12.7×108mm rounds.
1972 A model adds 2A46-1 2nd Generation 125mm smoothbore gun with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. NSVT anti aircraft gun.
B models add 2A46-2 2nd Generation 125mm smoothbore gun with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. 9K112 2nd Generation GLATGM with ground engagement up to 4000m with a max ground target velocity of 75 kph and max aerial target velocity of 300 kph up to 5000m with an altitude of 500m with a horizontal gun laying of 360° and vertical gun laying of -7°/+11°. PKTM 7.62x54mmR fully stabilised coaxial machine gun with a gas operated open bolt action with an effective firing range up to 1000m with a max fire rate up to 800 rpm with a max muzzle velocity of 850 m/s. 6P17 UTES 12.7×108mm electronic RWS with traverse of 115° in azimuth and -5°/+70° in elevation at 30 deg/s.
3BM22 Zakolka 2+ Generation sabot utilising maraging steel tungsten core APFSDS-T with a 400mm sabot size and L/D of 11:1 utilising a 4.5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1780 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 400-470mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 150-180mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BK18 Nadyezhda-K 2nd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.5 kg explosive filling utilising a shaped charge with a steel liner using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s enabling 500-600mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 230-270mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 2 km.
9M112 Kobra 2nd Generation ATGM using the 9D129 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 400 m/s utilising a radio guided SACLOS GLATGM with 600-700mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 300-350mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3 km.
3OF26 HE-FRAG-FS with a 3.4 kg explosive filling with a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s using the 4Zh40 propellant charge creating creating up to 2000 fragments enabling 50-100mm of pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS up to 200mm of penetration of reinforced concrete with a blast area of 900-1200 m² with an overpressure kill zone of 9m² with an effective firing range up to 4 km with a max firing range up to 7 km.
Obr 78 models add
3BM29 Nadphil-2 2+ Generation sabot utilising maraging steel DU core APFSDS-T with a 450mm sabot size and L/D of 12:1 utilising a 5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 400-520mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 200-250mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM26 Nadezhda-R 2+ Generation sabot utilising maraging steel tungsten core APFSDS-T with a 400mm sabot size and L/D of 11:1 utilising a 4.5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1750 m/s and a muzzle energy of 8 m/j with 400-500mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 180-220mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BK21 Ankyer-4 2nd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.6 kg explosive filling utilising a shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh52 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s enabling 600-700mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 250-300mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3000m.
9M112M Kobra-M 2nd Generation ATGM using the 9D129 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 400 m/s utilising a radio guided SACLOS HEAT with 700-800mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 350-400mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3000m.
BV model adds 2A46M-1 3rd Generation 125mm electroplated chromium smoothbore gun with an aluminium alloy thermal sleeve with a bore evacuator and hydro pneumatic recuperator recoil system with a semi-automatic horizontal chainring gun action fed by the 6ETs40-2S digital hydroelectric autoloader with a recoiling force of 2900-3400 kg, recoil stroke of 260-310 mm and a barrel rigidity of 385 kgf/cm utilising fully digital barrel sensors enabling an MPa of 550-640, EFC barrel life of 450 rounds for APFSDS and 2000 rounds for HE with an average EFC of 1200 with max muzzle velocity of 1800 m/s and a max muzzle energy of 8 m/j with a max fire rate up to 10 rpm, minimum up to 3 rpm and average of 5-8 rpm. 9K112-1 2nd Generation GLATGM FCS with a 90461-1 semi automatic radio correction guidance system with ground engagement up to 4000m with a max ground target velocity of 75 kph and max aerial target velocity of 300 kph up to 5000m with an altitude of 500m with a horizontal gun laying of 360° and vertical gun laying of -7°/+11°.
3BM42 Mango 3rd Generation sabot utilising tungsten APFSDS-T with a 520mm sabot size and L/D of 17:1 utilising a 5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1720 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 500-640mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 230-280mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BM32 Vant 3rd Generation sabot utilising DU APFSDS-T with a 380mm sabot size and L/D of 17:1 utilising a 5 kg penetrator using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 1700 m/s and a muzzle energy of 7 m/j with 400-560mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 220-270mm at 60° LOS at 2 km with an effective firing range of 4 km.
3BK29 Breyk 3rd Generation HEAT utilising a HEAT-FS round with a 1.8 kg explosive filling utilising a tandem shaped charge with a copper liner using the 4Zh63 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 920 m/s enabling 800-1000mm pen of RHAe with a BHN of ~350 at 0° LOS and 400-500mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 3000m.
9M128 Agona 2nd Generation ATGM using the 9D129 propellant charge with a muzzle velocity of 125 to 400 m/s utilising a radio guided SACLOS HEAT with 800-1000mm pen of RHAe at 0° LOS with a BHN of ~350 and 450-500mm pen of RHAe at 60° LOS with an effective firing range up to 4 km.
Mobility: Hull weight 36 tonnes. RMSh single pin metal tracks with a width of 580mm and ground contact of 427cm with a ground contact force of 9.4 kg/cm². Max Speed 45 kph on road and 20 kph off road with reverse speed of 11 kph. Acceleration 30 kph in 3 seconds. Range 500-700 km. Climb an 0.9 m obstacle and cross 2.8 m trench. Climb a 60° gradient and negotiate a 40° side slope. Pivot speed of 9s on road and 13s on dirt. Fording depth 1.8 m. options for KMT-6 mine plow. Power to weight ratio of 20 hp/tonne.
(A model adds weight to 38 tonnes)
(B models add Max Speed 60 kph on road and 30 kph off road with reverse speed of 11 kph. Acceleration 60 kph in 11 seconds. Pivot speed of 7s on road and 11s on dirt. RMSh single pin metal tracks with a width of 580mm and ground contact of 427cm with a ground contact force of 9.8 kg/cm². Hull weight 40 tonnes. options for KMT-7 mine plow. Power to weight ratio of 25 hp/tonne)
(BV model added UMSh Dual pin metal tracks with a width of 580mm and ground contact of 429cm and adds weight to 42 tonnes)
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