Radar Missiles
The first soviet basic 1st Generation Air to Air Missile (beam riding) was the RS-1U developed in 1952 for the MiG-17PF with it being completed in 1953 and produced in 1955, this was followed by RS-2U, K-6 and izdeliye 275 in 1956.
The first soviet 2nd Generation radar missile was the Izdeliye 277 developed in mid 50s and utilised on the La-250 in 1957-58 as part of the upgraded K-15M weapons system then the K-155 missile for T-49, P-1 and Ye-150 Prototypes starting from 1958, Running concurrently this was the R-8R and R-4R missiles developed in the mid 50s and tested in 1958 for the I-75 and T-47/PT8-4 then in 1959 for the Ye-150, It would enter service in 1962 for the Su-11 as the PARG-1 conical scanning continuous wave seeker and would be used on for use on Su-11, Su-15, Tu-28 and Yak-28 production aircraft from 1964 onwards.
This was followed by the R-3R in 1964 for the MiG-21S which entered service in 1968.
The Soviets first 3rd Generation missile was the R-40R developed in 1965 and produced in 1967 for the MiG-25P, it utilised the PARG-12 inverse monopulse seeker and at this point the R-40 was probably the most advanced on earth, utilising solid state electronics with an inverse monopulse seeker and this was followed on with the R-23R and R-98R developed in 1967 and utilised in 1969 for the MiG-23 and Su-15T which used the RGS-23 and PARG-14VV inverse monopulse seeker, not long after in 1971 the R-98MR was developed which utilised the PARG-16 inverse monopulse seeker for the Su-15TM with it entering service in 1973.
This was followed by the improved R-40RD and R-24R in late 70s along with R-4MR
Then in 1978 this was followed with the R-33 with the MFBU-410 and R-27R with the 9B-1101T both inverse monopulse seekers for the MiG-31, MiG-29 and Su-27 and were utilised throughout the 80s.
The Soviets first 4th Generation missile was the 9B-1348 ARH seeker for R-77 that was tested in 1984 followed by the R-37 for the MiG-31M developed in early 80s and tested in 1985 that used the 9B-1388 active radar homing seeker.
There was also the R-27EA which used a 9B-1103 active radar seeker that was developed in the early 80s but lost to the R-77.
R-37 with 9B-1388
This was followed by the R-172 in 2003 that was developed for the MiG 1.44 5th Generation prototype and Su-37 that used the 9B-1103M active radar seeker.
This was followed by the R-77-1 and R-37M in 2010s that utilise the 9B-1248 and 9B-1103M-350 active seekers for use on all modern Russian aircraft.
R-37M with 9B-1103M-350
In 2018 Russia developed the R-97 and R-77M 5th gen missiles which use 9B-1103-350M1 and 9B-1103M2 AESA seekers for the MiG-35, Su-35S, Su-30SM2, Su-57 and Su-75.
Infrared Homing
The first Soviet infrared homing missiles were the R-8T and R-4T developed in mid 50s and tested in 1958 for the T-47/PT8-4 and again in 1960 for Ye-150, it would enter service in 1962 for the Su-11 as the TGS-1, which utilised a spin scan seeker, these would be followed with the Su-15, Tu-28 and Yak-28P from 1964 onwards. The Soviets then made the R-3T in 1961 for the MiG-21PF and MiG-19S which utilised the TGS-3 conical scanning seeker and would enter service in 1964 for the MiG-21PF. This was a reverse engineered AIM-9B from one captured in 1958, this leaped the USSR ATA missile and gave them a fast maneuverable missile, similar to how USA only relied on AIM-4s before creating the sidewinder.
The soviets first 2nd Generation Missile was the R-98T in 1965-1967 for Su-15T with TGS-14T seeker then in 1967-1968 with the R-3TM and R-40T for MiG-21S and MiG-25P with a TGS-13TM and TGS-40 seeker, then not long after the R-23T with TGS-23 for MiG-23 and then finally the R-60 in 1970 with OGS-60TI Komar thermoelectric cooled seeker for nearly all soviet fighter aircraft. The R-60 set the standard for such missiles with incredible manuvarabilities and limited all aspect tracking
This was followed throughout the 70s with the R-14, R-98MT, R-40TD, R-24T and lastly R-60M with OGS-75 Komar-M.
The soviets first 3rd generation missile was the R-27T in 1979 which utilised a Geofizika-36T cooled Pseudoimaging seeker for use on MiG-29 and Su-27, in 1981 this was followed with the R-40TD1 for MiG-31 which used the cooled rossett scan Geofizika-35T1 seeker and the R-73 which used the Mayak-80 seeker, both are cooled Pseudoimaging seekers for use with the MiG-31, MiG-29 and Su-27 then the 9M39V in the mid 80s for use on Ka-50 and Mi-28. Soviets also trialled the R-33T with the TGS-33 IR cooled rossett scan seeker but was not adopted.
Improved 3rd generation models were utilised throughout the 90s and 2000s with the R-73M and R-27ET in 1990 with the Geofizika-36TE and Mayak-80M, R-74 in late 90s with Mayak-80BM and then the R-74M in 2012 which entered service in 2016 which uses the new dual band Impuls-90 cooled seeker with gatewidth and seeker shut off IRCCM.
Russia's first 4th generation missile was the Verba-V in 2016 for use on Mi-28NM and Ka-52M which utilised a 9M336V three channel multispectral optical seeker with gatewidth and seeker shut IRCCM, Followed by the R-74M2 in 2019 which utilised a Karfagen-760 which was another three channel multispectral optical seeker but with added MITL/INS with gatewidth and seeker shut IRCCM
USA's first radar beam rider missile was the ASM-A-1 in 1947.
Their first 2nd Generation Radar Missile was the AIM-4A in 1949
Their first 3rd Generation missile was the AIM-54A in 1966 for the F-111B.
Their first 4th Generation missile was the AMRAAM in 1984.
Their first 5th Generation missile was the AIM-260 in 2020.
USA first IR Missile was the AIM-4B in 1951
Their first 2nd Generation missile was the AIM-9D in 1964.
Their first 3rd Generation missile was the AIM-9M in 1983
Their first 4th Generation missile was the AIM-9X in 2000
Sources
Sukhoi Interceptors: The Su-9/-11/-15 & Other Types by Yefim Gordon
https://www.secretprojects.co.uk/threads/current-russian-ukrainian-aam-projects.283/page-4
https://topwar.ru/101149-planarnye-...a-na-osnove-ltcc-keramiki-made-in-russia.html
https://missiles.ru/2023/08/14/rvv-md2/
https://bmpd.livejournal.com/4249520.html
https://www.deagel.com/Weapons/R-37/a002545
https://en.missilery.info/missile/r37
https://en.topwar.ru/7740-opytnyy-istrebitel-perehvatchik-la-250.html
https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.php?aircraft_id=1420
https://www.secretprojects.co.uk/threads/soviet-era-aam-seekers-parg-series.40413/
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/K-5_(missile)
https://dbpedia.org/page/K-5_(missile)
https://en.topwar.ru/7740-opytnyy-istrebitel-perehvatchik-la-250.html
https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.php?aircraft_id=1420
https://www.russiadefence.net/t5808p225-russian-air-to-air-missiles
https://www.secretprojects.co.uk/threads/first-generation-active-radar-missiles.36504/
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